Phylogenomics within the Anthonotha clade (Detarioideae, Leguminosae) reveals a high diversity in floral trait shifts and a general trend towards organ number reduction

Abstract

0Detarioideae is well known for its high diversity of floral traits, including flower symmetry, number 3 1 of organs, and petal size and morphology. This diversity has been characterized and studied at higher 3 2 taxonomic levels, but limited analyses have been performed among closely related genera with 3 3 contrasting floral traits due to the lack of fully resolved phylogenetic relationships. Here, we used 3 4 four representative transcriptomes to develop an exome capture bait for the entire subfamily and 3 5 applied it to the Anthonotha clade using a complete data set (61 specimens) representing all extant 3 6 floral diversity. Our phylogenetic analyses recovered congruent topologies using ML and Bayesian 3 7 methods. The genus Anthonotha was recovered as monophyletic contrary to the remaining three 3 8 genera (Englerodendron, Isomacrolobium and Pseudomacrolobium), which form a monophyletic 3 9 group sister to Anthonotha. We inferred a total of 35 transitions for the seven floral traits (pertaining 4 0to flower symmetry, petals, stamens and staminodes) that we analyzed, suggesting that at least 30% 4 1 of the species in this group display transitions from the ancestral condition reconstructed for the 4 2 Anthonotha clade. The main transitions were towards a reduction in the number of organs (petals, 4 3 stamens and staminodes). Despite the high number of transitions, our analyses indicate that the seven 4 4 characters are evolving independently in these lineages. Petal morphology is the most labile floral 4 5 trait with a total of seven independent transitions in number and seven independent transitions to 4 6 modification in petal types. The diverse petal morphology along the dorsoventral axis of symmetry 4 7 within the flower is not associated with differences at the micromorphology of petal surface, 4 8suggesting that in this group all petals within the flower might possess the same petal identity at the 4 9 molecular level. Our results provide a solid evolutionary framework for further detailed analyses of 5 0

Improving the taxonomy of fossil pollen using convolutional neural networks and superresolution microscopy

“…If accurate, the Burdigalian classifications suggest that Anthonotha, a genus which is restricted to Africa today (39)(40)(41), was present in the Neotropics from the early Eocene through at least the Miocene. Alternatively, these specimens may be of extinct South American lineages that share plesiomorphic traits with these extant African genera (SI Appendix, Fig.…”