Phylogenomics of the oxidative phosphorylation in fungi reveals extensive gene duplication followed by functional divergence

Marcet‐Houben, Marina; Marceddu, Giuseppe; Gabaldón, Toni

doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-295

Cited by 66 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…While the microsporidia are often described as protozoa (25,363,577,578), recent reports indicated that they are actually more closely related to fungi (199,256,351,376). However, in accordance with convention, the microsporidia are described here as protozoa.…”

Section: Nonenteric Microsporidiamentioning

confidence: 37%

Importance of Nonenteric Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised People

et al. 2010

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SUMMARY There are many neglected nonenteric protozoa able to cause serious morbidity and mortality in humans, particularly in the developing world. Diseases caused by certain protozoa are often more severe in the presence of HIV. While information regarding neglected tropical diseases caused by trypanosomatids and Plasmodium is abundant, these protozoa are often not a first consideration in Western countries where they are not endemic. As such, diagnostics may not be available in these regions. Due to global travel and immigration, this has become an increasing problem. Inversely, in certain parts of the world (particularly sub-Saharan Africa), the HIV problem is so severe that diseases like microsporidiosis and toxoplasmosis are common. In Western countries, due to the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), these diseases are infrequently encountered. While free-living amoebae are rarely encountered in a clinical setting, when infections do occur, they are often fatal. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential to the survival of patients infected with these organisms. This paper reviews information on the diagnosis and treatment of nonenteric protozoal diseases in immunocompromised people, with a focus on patients infected with HIV. The nonenteric microsporidia, some trypanosomatids, Toxoplasma spp., Neospora spp., some free-living amoebae, Plasmodium spp., and Babesia spp. are discussed.

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Section: Nonenteric Microsporidiamentioning

confidence: 37%

Importance of Nonenteric Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised People

et al. 2010

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“…The losses of complex I in two yeast lineages have been accompanied by duplications of nuclear-encoded alternative NADH dehydrogenases that bypass complex I and oxidize NADH without proton translocation (34). Because these alternative means of regenerating NAD + are unlinked to proton pumping in the mitochondrion, they generate less energy in the form of ATP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized mitogenome of the parasitic plant Viscum scurruloideum is extremely divergent and dynamic and has lost all nad genes

Skippington

Barkman

Rice

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

291

325

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Despite the enormous diversity among parasitic angiosperms in form and structure, life-history strategies, and plastid genomes, little is known about the diversity of their mitogenomes. We report the sequence of the wonderfully bizarre mitogenome of the hemiparasitic aerial mistletoe Viscum scurruloideum. This genome is only 66 kb in size, making it the smallest known angiosperm mitogenome by a factor of more than three and the smallest land plant mitogenome. Accompanying this size reduction is exceptional reduction of gene content. Much of this reduction arises from the unexpected loss of respiratory complex I (NADH dehydrogenase), universally present in all 300+ other angiosperms examined, where it is encoded by nine mitochondrial and many nuclear nad genes. Loss of complex I in a multicellular organism is unprecedented. We explore the potential relationship between this loss in Viscum and its parasitic lifestyle. Despite its small size, the Viscum mitogenome is unusually rich in recombinationally active repeats, possessing unparalleled levels of predicted sublimons resulting from recombination across short repeats. Many mitochondrial gene products exhibit extraordinary levels of divergence in Viscum, indicative of highly relaxed if not positive selection. In addition, all Viscum mitochondrial protein genes have experienced a dramatic acceleration in synonymous substitution rates, consistent with the hypothesis of genomic streamlining in response to a high mutation rate but completely opposite to the pattern seen for the high-rate but enormous mitogenomes of Silene. In sum, the Viscum mitogenome possesses a unique constellation of extremely unusual features, a subset of which may be related to its parasitic lifestyle.

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“…These observations confirm the conclusions made by Ma et al, who claimed the WGD as being specific only for R. oryzae, not affecting the other mucoralean genomes. The origin of the duplicated genes in mucoralean genomes (besides Rhizopus) may be a much more ancient genome duplication, as suggested by Marcet-Houben et al (2009), which is no longer detectable as regions' duplications. Although some of the duplicated regions can be assumed to be remains of this ancient WGD, we cannot assign all gene duplications to this process.…”

Section: Genomic Features Characteristic For Basal Fungimentioning

confidence: 96%