Phylogenomic Evidence for the Presence of a Flagellum and cbb3 Oxidase in the Free-Living Mitochondrial Ancestor

Sassera, Davide; Lo, Nathan; Epis, Sara; D’Auria, Giuseppe; Montagna, Matteo; Comandatore, Francesco; Horner, David S.; Peretó, Juli; Luciano, A.; Franciosi, Federica; Ferri, Emanuele; Crotti, Elena; Bazzocchi, Chiara; Daffonchio, Daniele; Sacchi, Luciano; Moya, Andrés; Latorre, Amparo; Bandi, Claudio

doi:10.1093/molbev/msr159

Cited by 122 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Бактерия выявлена у самок I. ricinus в двух формах: со жгутиком и без жгутика. Эндосимби-онт «Candidatus M. mitochondrii» содержится в яичниках самок I. ricinus, при этом возмож-но принимает участие в оогенезе [38] и пере-дается горизонтально. Жгутик при такой ло-кализации отсутствует [34,46].…”

Section: жизненный циклunclassified

“…Геном представлен одной кольцевой хромосомой размером 1183732 п.о., плазми-ды отсутствуют, содержание G+C 36,6%, [38]. Геном содержит 1246 генов, кодирующих 1161 белок, и включает 3 рРНК, 35 тРНК и 46 псев-догенов (GenBank: RefSeq NC_015722.1).…”

Section: геном и генотипические характеристикиunclassified

“…Важную роль в жизненном цикле «Candidatus M. mitochondrii» играют 2 группы генов, отсут-ствующие у других представителей порядка Rickettsiales: гены кодирующие cbb 3 цитохромок-сидазу и кодирующие флагеллин [38]. Наличие cbb 3 цитохромоксидазы позволяет «Candidatus M. mitochondrii» синтезировать АТФ при кон-центрациях кислорода, субоптимальных для митохондрий.…”

Section: геном и генотипические характеристикиunclassified

“…Предполагается, что эндосимби-онт «Candidatus M. mitochondrii» служит допол-нительным источником АТФ для овариальных клеток самки I. ricinus во время оогенеза. Пере-дача АТФ хозяйской клетке может осущест-вляться с помощью АТФ/АДФ-транслоказы бактерии, белки этого семейства имеют обра-тимые функции, основанные на концентрации АТФ/АДФ и протонном градиенте [38].…”

Section: геном и генотипические характеристикиunclassified

“…Отсут-ствуют признаки, того что флагелярные гены являются псевдогенами или произошли с по-мощью горизонтального переноса генов [38]. Считается, что они находились у общего пред-ка Rickettsiales и митохондрий и были утрачены при переходе от свободноживущего состояния к внутриклеточному [43].…”

Section: геном и генотипические характеристикиunclassified

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«candidatus Midichloria Mitochondrii»: A New Member of Order Rickettsiales, Endosymbiont of Ixodes Ricinus Tick

Шпынов

2017

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity

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Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii is the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus endosymbiont. This unique bacteria can occupy and persist within the mitochondria of animals. I. ricinus is an important vector of human pathogens in natural focal of infections. Candidatus M. mitochondrii found in the intermembrane space of mitochondria and in the cytoplasm of ovarian cells in 100% females of I. ricinus. The bacteria contain flagella in the salivary glands of ticks. Candidatus M. mitochondrii has two groups of unique genes for the members of the order Rickettsiales (cbb3 cytochrome oxidase and flagellin), which allows it to play an important role in embryogenesis of the I. ricinus ticks and cause seroconversion in 58% of patients after ticks bloodsucking. This bacterium formed MALOs group (midichloria and like organisms) with genetically closely related organisms which demonstrated a association with a wide range of host from arthropods to ciliates, amoebae, sponges, fish and various animals and humans. Now there is no data about replication the Candidatus M. mitochondrii in humans and pathogenicity of this microorganism. Although a high percentage of seropositive samples obtained from patients after bloodsucking of I. ricinus in anamnesis, this bacterium cannot yet be regarded as responsible for the pathology as known human pathogenic from order Rickettsi-ales (Rickettsia, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia spp.). Needed to reconsider the attitude to an immune response to the saliva of I. ricinus, taking into account the potential impact of Candidatus M. mitochondrii. It is considered highly possible role of this bacterium in the immune response and immunomodulation in humans with bloodsucking of I. ricinus in anamnesis. DNA of Candidatus M. mitochondrii was the first time detected in I. ricinus ticks from European part of Russia.

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Section: жизненный циклunclassified

Section: геном и генотипические характеристикиunclassified

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«candidatus Midichloria Mitochondrii»: A New Member of Order Rickettsiales, Endosymbiont of Ixodes Ricinus Tick

Шпынов

2017

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity

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Transmission of Members of the “Candidatus Midichloriaceae” Family to Vertebrates and Possible Involvement in Disease Pathogenesis

et al. 2016

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“Candidatus Midichloriaceae” (order Rickettsiales) is a family that encompasses obligate intracellular bacteria present in a wide range of hosts, from parasitic arthropods (ticks, fleas, bedbugs) to aquatic animals (e.g. sponges and corals) and protists, including pathogenic amoebae (genus Acanthamoeba). In addition, multiple studies have detected evidence of the presence of “Candidatus Midichloriaceae” in vertebrates, suggesting a capacity to cause infections, with possible pathogenic effects. Two members of the family that are described as symbionts of ticks, i.e. “Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii” and “Candidatus Lariskella arthropodarum” have also been found in the blood of humans and other mammals, using molecular and serological methods. Consequently, it has been hypothesized that these arthropods could transmit the microorganisms during the blood meal, as is known to happen with pathogenic members of the order Rickettsiales; for example, ticks can be vectors of rickettsiosis or ehrlichiosis. Indeed, clinical cases compatible with these pathologies in humans or animals parasitized by ticks, but characterized by the absence of antibody titers for known pathogenic rickettsiae, could be reinvestigated for the presence of “Candidatus Midichloriaceae”. A third member of the family, a “Candidatus Midichloria”-related organism, has repeatedly been found in association with red mark syndrome in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Although the etiology of this economically relevant disease is currently unknown, multiple independent studies suggest that this member of “Candidatus Midichloriaceae” is the most probable causative agent

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Biodiversity of “Non-model” Rickettsiales and Their Association with Aquatic Organisms

2016

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Representatives of the order Rickettsiales are obligate intracellular bacteria, traditionally including well-studied pathogens of humans and other vertebrates, such as Rickettsia, Orientia, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia. In the last two decades, studies based on molecular characterization techniques have reshaped our view on the biodiversity of Rickettsiales, and the eukaryotic hosts they can exploit. Several new genera have been described in “traditional” Rickettsiales families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae. Moreover, a new family, “Candidatus Midichloriaceae,” displaying diversity at least comparable with the “traditional” ones, has been described. Recent data show that the majority of extant genera of Rickettsiales (16 out of 24) are hosted exclusively (or at least partly) by aquatic organisms, such as protists (e.g., ciliates, amoebas, flagellates), and animals (e.g., cnidarians, mollusks, tunicates, leeches), while only ten genera include some terrestrial host, such as arthropods. Given the highly interwoven phylogenetic relationships among Rickettsiales hosted by aquatic and terrestrial hosts, it is likely that the ancestral host of Rickettsiales was an aquatic protist organism, and the adaptation to terrestrial environments occurred independently in several distinct sublineages at least six times. Newly discovered lineages of “non-model” Rickettsiales present unforeseen features for the order such as the presence of flagella. Future investigations on “non-model” Rickettsiales are crucial to gain insight on the evolutionary history of the whole group, including the origin of molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenesis for humans and vertebrates

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Phylogenomic Evidence for the Presence of a Flagellum and cbb3 Oxidase in the Free-Living Mitochondrial Ancestor

Cited by 122 publications

References 72 publications

«candidatus Midichloria Mitochondrii»: A New Member of Order Rickettsiales, Endosymbiont of Ixodes Ricinus Tick

«candidatus Midichloria Mitochondrii»: A New Member of Order Rickettsiales, Endosymbiont of Ixodes Ricinus Tick

Transmission of Members of the “Candidatus Midichloriaceae” Family to Vertebrates and Possible Involvement in Disease Pathogenesis

Biodiversity of “Non-model” Rickettsiales and Their Association with Aquatic Organisms

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