Phylogenogeography and genotaxonomy of Pinus sylvestris L. populations

Abstract

The phylogenogeographic structure, polymorphism, and differentiation of Pinus sylvestris L. have been studied for the first time by means of allozyme analysis of 143 populations along a network of transects covering the entire species range. The results show that the species in general is characterized by a significant level of differentiation, regardless of its relative uniformity in northern and central parts of the range. Nei's genetic distances between populations and their gradients in the extreme southern parts of the range, where it has an insular pattern, are seven to eight times greater than in the northern, "glacial" zone. Three Pleis tocene refugia for the species have been revealed in the Balkans, Southern Urals, and Northern Mongolia. Using analysis of genetic distances between 18 phylogeographic regions and an original genosystematic scale, one subspecies, five geographic races and nine geographic population groups have been distinguished in the P. sylvestris L. species structure.

Searching for the glacial refugia ofErebia euryale(Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) - insights from mtDNA- and nDNA-based phylogeography in the Western Carpathians

“…Schmitt and Haubrich (2008) had also inferred high genetic variability of the Western Carpathian populations. The phylogeographical structure described in E. euryale resembles that of some European plant species (Bhagwat and Willis 2008;Sannikov and Petrova 2012;Slov ak et al 2012;Mr az et al 2016;Wacnik et al 2016) with a similar scenario of spreading from refugia in the south-eastern Europe. The ML tree (Fig.…”

“…The phylogeographical structure described in E. euryale resembles that of some European plant species (Bhagwat and Willis ; Sannikov and Petrova ; Slovák et al. ; Mráz et al.…”

Genetic and phenotypic differentiation of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. in Pritobolie and Europe

“…The considerable allozyme differentiation of these population groups (DN 78 = 0.059) is comparable to that between the populations of the Pinus sylvestris L. subspecies in Iberia and the central European popula tions of the species (DN 78 = 0.030-0.055; [30,34] This genetic subdivision level is close to the differenti ation of the subspecies of many plants, including the woody ones [28,30,35,36]. The data on specific mitochondrial DNA haplotypes support the subspe cies rank of the Kamchatka populations of Larix kurilensis ssp.…”

“…It should be noted in this respect that a 50% lower allozyme differ entiation from one another (DN 78 = 0.22) is character istic of the populations of Pinus sylvestris from the Northern Caucasus and the Russian plain [28], which was long separated by the Paratethys [33,38] and the salt marshes of the Manych River.…”

“…Allozyme analysis of leaf samples obtained from 30 to 40 individual heather plants per population, which were used for cpDNA analysis, was carried out using standard methods [28] at seven polymorphic protein loci (GOT 1, GOT 2, PGI 1, IGH 1, ADH 1, NADH 1, DIA 1) of six enzymatic systems. Genetic distances (DN 78 ) were determined according to M. Nei [29].…”