Phylogenies using mtDNA and SRY provide evidence for male‐mediated introgression in Asian domestic cattle

Abstract

Using nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b and SRY genes, we examined the genetic status of two major groups of domestic cattle, the humpless taurine (Bos taurus) and humped zebu (B. indicus), using 10 cattle populations in Asia. Several sequence polymorphisms specific for each major group were found, although the frequency of these polymorphisms varied in each population. Six major mtDNA-SRY composite types were observed. The Mishima, Mongolian, Korean, Chinese Yellow and Sri Lanka cattle populations had a full match between the mtDNA and SRY sequences, specifically the taurine/taurine type or zebu/zebu type. A non-match type (zebu/taurine type) was found at a high frequency in the Bangladesh (83.4%) and Nepal populations (83.3%). Our results suggest that these non-match type populations developed from genetic hybridization of different strains. Also, the domestication history of modern Asian domestic cattle could be explained by male-mediated introgression. Additionally, our results suggest the occurrence of introgression of mtDNA from other Bibos or Poephagus species into native cattle populations. The existence of other mtDNA-SRY composite types, such as the Bali-zebu and yak-zebu types in Indonesia (85.7%) and Nepal (16.7%), respectively, suggests that genetic introgression also occurred from other genera into domestic cattle during the process of domestication.

Revealing fine scale subpopulation structure in the Vietnamese H'mong cattle breed for conservation purposes

“…Genotyping of SNP at position 641 of the SRY gene following Kikkawa et al [5] was conducted by pyrosequencing (see Addtional File 1). The 145 bulls from Ha Giang were analysed jointly with the Gascon taurine (3) and Arab zebu breed (3) from Chad, which were used as controls.…”

Paternally inherited markers in bovine hybrid populations

“…In addition to the tests described in this paper, similar tests can be designed for the detection of taurine or yak Y-chromosomes (Table 1). The differentiation of taurine and indicine Y-chromosomes by a Tru91 digestion would provide a convenient way of tracing the paternal origin of cattle Paternally inherited markers in bovine hybrid populations ELC Verkaar et al populations (Bradley et al, 1994;Hanotte et al, 2000;Kikkawa et al, 2003).…”

“…The predominant cattle species in Indonesia is the zebu (Bos indicus), which is reported to carry mitochondrial DNA of the Banteng type (Kikkawa et al, 2003). Bali cattle descend from the wild banteng (Bos javanicus), although zebu introgression has been suspected (Namikawa, 1981).…”

“…Speciation of the Bos and Bison species is incomplete and hybridization of these species occurs worldwide (Felius, 1985;Bongso et al, 1988;Lenstra and Bradley, 1999;Nijman et al, 1999;Ward et al, 1999;Kikkawa et al, 2003). Female progeny as well as the male taurine-zebu, gaur-gayal and bison-wisent hybrids are fertile, while fertility of other male hybrid offspring can be restored by repeated backcrossings.…”

“…As a consequence, Y-chromosomal alleles of the male lineage may have a broader geographical range than alleles informative for the female mitochondrial lineage (Van Hooft, 2001). However, few Ychromosomal markers are available (Edwards et al, 2000;Liu et al, 2002;Kikkawa et al, 2003). A btDYZ-1/ HaeIII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and the Y-chromosomal microsatellites, INRA124 and INRA008, have been used in studies on the African bovine populations (Bradley et al, 1994;Hanotte et al, 2000;Van Hooft et al, 2002).…”