Phylogenetics of Social Behavior in Australian Gall-Forming Thrips: Evidence from Mitochondrial DNA Sequence, Adult Morphology and Behavior, and Gall Morphology

Crespi, Bernard J.; Carmean, David; Mound, Laurence A.; Worobey, Michael; Morris, David C.

doi:10.1006/mpev.1997.0449

Cited by 71 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In contrast, estimates obtained for sympatric species of Gryllus (crickets) (Harrison, 1979) and (Echenopa) planthoppers (Guttman and Weigt, 1989) are 0.92 and 0.91, respectively. Differentiation between T. tabaci lineages clearly exceeds typical host-race estimates, and falls within the range for sympatric species; F ST ¼ 0.824 between clades L1 and L2, 0.946 between clades L1 and T and 0.954 between clades L2 and T. Finally, nucleotide sequence divergences between leek and tobacco haplotypes equate with hostspecific, morphologically indistinguishable sibling species of Australian gall-forming thrips (range 8-16%; Crespi et al, 1998), but are substantially lower than those detected among morphologically distinguishable thrips species (range 16-27.5%; Brunner et al, 2002).…”

Section: Genetic Findings and Current Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Thrips are notorious for eliciting taxonomic problems due to their minute size, a scarcity of solid morphological characters, the fact that most species are associated with more than one host, and the finding that different species often coexist on the same plant. Crespi et al (1998), for example, examined Australian gall-forming thrips species using sequences of the COI gene. They found that each species apparently represented a pair of sibling species, previously undistinguishable due to 'long-term morphological stasis'.…”

Section: Genetic Findings and Current Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host-associated genetic differentiation in Thrips tabaci (Insecta; Thysanoptera), as determined from mtDNA sequence data

et al. 2004

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We tested for host-associated genetic differentiation in 22 populations of Thrips tabaci collected from tobacco and leek, respectively. Clustering analyses and haplotype networks based on sequence variation at a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene yielded three major evolutionary lineages; two were clearly associated with leek and the third with tobacco. These genetic findings corroborated recent experimental observations on the heterogeneity of T. tabaci populations with regard to host-plant preference and their capacity to be vectors for tomato spotted wilt virus.Estimated divergence times suggested an ancient divergence of these lineages dating back to the Miocene 28-21 million years ago. F ST values between these lineages ranged between 0.824 and 0.954 (Po0.001 for all comparisons), and sequence divergences ranged between 4 and 11%. Given these findings and by the standards of genetic and ecological differentiation in other published species groups, T. tabaci must be considered a complex of cryptic (sub)species.

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Section: Genetic Findings and Current Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Genetic Findings and Current Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-associated genetic differentiation in Thrips tabaci (Insecta; Thysanoptera), as determined from mtDNA sequence data

et al. 2004

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“…DNA was extracted from fresh, frozen, and ethanolpreserved material. DNA was extracted from fresh material using a phenol/chloroform protocol as described in Crespi et al (1998). For frozen and ethanolpreserved material, DNA was extracted using Chelex 100 resin (Walsh et al, 1991).…”

Section: Dna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetics of Australian Acacia thrips: the evolution of behaviour and ecology

Morris

Schwarz

Cooper

et al. 2002

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…1 legend as the second scenario), illustrated in Fig. 1 by a single trichotomy (15). Therefore, two separate analyses of ancestral states were conducted taking into account these plausible scenarios.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High relatedness and inbreeding at the origin of eusociality in gall-inducing thrips

Chapman

Crespi

Kranz

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A ustralian gall-inducing thrips gain food and shelter, in the form of a gall, from species of Acacia trees (1-6). The gall is formed as a female feeds on a developing phyllode (a petiole modified to serve as a stem and leaf) that encapsulates her and in some cases a male (4, 6). The foundress oviposits within the gall, and the developing thrips feed by sucking out the contents of plant cells on the gall's inner wall (1). In eusocial species, the first cohort to eclose are gall-bound soldiers, which are distinguished by robust forelimbs, reduced or absent wings, and self-sacrificing behavior exhibited in defense of the gall to the benefit of dispersing sisters and brothers (2, 4, 7). However, in at least one species, Kladothrips hamiltoni, it is suspected that soldiers could also be defending a few of their own offspring, as well as nieces and nephews, because soldiers are suspected of at least some egg laying within their natal gall (8). The foundress usually lives long enough to overlap with the adult soldiers, and she usually dies some time before the next group of individuals, the dispersive macropterae, reach the adult stage. Two lifehistory observations indicate that relatedness of individuals within a gall may be high: (i) multiple founding by females, which would reduce relatedness among brood, is not observed for any of the gall-inducing species on Acacia (3, 4), and (ii) sex ratios of dispersing brood are markedly female-biased (3, 9), which suggests the presence of strong local mate competition and inbreeding.We developed microsatellite markers (10) for species of gall-inducing thrips with soldiers and used them to estimate genetic relatedness [refs. 11 and 12; RELATE 4.2c (http:// gsoft.smu.edu/GSoft.html) by K. R. Goodnight and D. C. Queller] and inbreeding in five of the species with soldiers ( Fig. 1; Table 1). In the four species for which multiple populations were sampled, the intraspecific similarity of relatedness and inbreeding estimates for populations that were up to 500 km apart indicates that these genetic parameters can be treated as speciesspecific values. These estimates of relatedness and inbreeding are among the highest ever recorded for social animals, and their magnitude is consistent with a high incidence of single-mating by foundresses, and brother-sister mating by both soldiers and dispersers (10). In addition, the strong relatedness asymmetries expected in outbred haplodiploid species (13) (e.g., a brood produced by a singly mated foundress is expected to exhibit relatedness among sisters of 0.75 whereas relatedness of sisters to brothers is expected to be 0.5) are not at a detectable level in the four species in which they can be estimated, as expected given their high levels of inbreeding (14). For example, from Table 1, K. hamiltoni population 3 exhibits among-sister relatedness of 0.85 and sister to brother relatedness of 0.82 (t ϭ 1.95, P Ͼ 0.05, n ϭ 12).Mapping of the relatedness and inbreeding estimates onto a phylogeny of Australian gall-inducing thrips on Acacia (15) i...

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Phylogenetics of Social Behavior in Australian Gall-Forming Thrips: Evidence from Mitochondrial DNA Sequence, Adult Morphology and Behavior, and Gall Morphology

Cited by 71 publications

References 66 publications

Host-associated genetic differentiation in Thrips tabaci (Insecta; Thysanoptera), as determined from mtDNA sequence data

Host-associated genetic differentiation in Thrips tabaci (Insecta; Thysanoptera), as determined from mtDNA sequence data

Phylogenetics of Australian Acacia thrips: the evolution of behaviour and ecology

High relatedness and inbreeding at the origin of eusociality in gall-inducing thrips

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