Phylogenetics of Pitcairnioideaes.s. (Bromeliaceae): evidence from nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data

Abstract

According to recent taxonomic treatments, Bromeliaceae subfamily Pitcairnioideae comprise the genera Deuterocohnia, Dyckia, Encholirium, Fosterella and Pitcairnia. We present a dated molecular phylogenetic analysis of a comprehensive taxon set to enable inferences of evolution in the subfamily. Phylogenetic relationships in Pitcairnioideae were reconstructed based on three plastid loci (rpl32‐trnL, rps16‐trnK, 5′ end of matK) and the nuclear single‐copy gene PHYC exon 1, using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The plastid phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of the subfamily, whereas the nuclear DNA data suggest a nested position of Puyoideae in Pitcairnioideae. Fosterella and Dyckia (including Encholirium) are monophyletic in both analyses, whereas Deuterocohnia is paraphyletic and Pitcairnia remains unresolved in the plastid tree. A Bayesian relaxed clock model applied to the plastid data indicates a diversification of Fosterella and Pitcairnia at c. 6–8 Mya, whereas Deuterocohnia and Dyckia might have diversified at about 2–4 Mya. Our data support the concept that Pitcairnioideae originated in the Andes, followed by numerous dispersal events to South and Central America. Plastid capture events might explain the contrasting topologies of plastid and nuclear trees in Deuterocohnia, whereas the position of Puya needs to be re‐evaluated with additional nuclear markers.

Advances in and perspectives on evolution in Bromeliaceae

“…This subfamily is recovered as a sister clade of Bromelioideae plus Puyoideae (Givnish et al, 2011;Sch€ utz et al, 2016). The molecular phylogenetic study by Sch€ utz et al (2016) presented in this issue provides the first phylogenetic analysis focusing on this subfamily in its new circumscription, using nuclear and plastid markers and a large taxon set. The molecular phylogenetic study by Sch€ utz et al (2016) presented in this issue provides the first phylogenetic analysis focusing on this subfamily in its new circumscription, using nuclear and plastid markers and a large taxon set.…”

“…Phylogenetic relationships among genera of Pitcairnioideae s.s. have long troubled systematists. Pitcairnia is the largest and earliest-branching genus in Pitcairnioideae (Krapp et al, 2014;Sch€ utz et al, 2016). Pitcairnia is the largest and earliest-branching genus in Pitcairnioideae (Krapp et al, 2014;Sch€ utz et al, 2016).…”

“…The molecular phylogenetic study by Sch€ utz et al (2016) presented in this issue provides the first phylogenetic analysis focusing on this subfamily in its new circumscription, using nuclear and plastid markers and a large taxon set. into two clades, making the genus non-monophyletic (Horres et al, 2000;Rex et al, 2009;Krapp et al, 2014;Sch€ utz et al, 2016). Plastid DNA-based studies point that at least one early divergence event separates Pitcairnia spp.…”

“…Pitcairnia is the largest and earliest-branching genus in Pitcairnioideae (Krapp et al, 2014;Sch€ utz et al, 2016). Fosterella is recognized as monophyletic in all molecular studies focusing on this genus (Rex et al, 2009;Wagner et al, 2013;Sch€ utz et al, 2016) and appears as sister to a xerophytic clade formed by Dyckia, Encholirium and Deuterocohnia (Givnish et al, 2007(Givnish et al, , 2011Rex et al, 2009;Krapp et al, 2014;Sch€ utz et al, 2016). into two clades, making the genus non-monophyletic (Horres et al, 2000;Rex et al, 2009;Krapp et al, 2014;Sch€ utz et al, 2016).…”

“…However, it is likely to be of relatively recent origin, limiting its use in inferences concerning the evolutionary history of the family (Baresch et al, 2011). These calibrated phylogenetic trees (Givnish et al, 2004(Givnish et al, , 2007(Givnish et al, , 2011Wagner et al, 2013;Krapp et al, 2014;Silvestro et al, 2014;Sch€ utz et al, 2016; see Table 1) have an important role in testing biogeographical hypotheses and investigating the adaptive radiation in Bromeliaceae. These calibrated phylogenetic trees (Givnish et al, 2004(Givnish et al, , 2007(Givnish et al, , 2011Wagner et al, 2013;Krapp et al, 2014;Silvestro et al, 2014;Sch€ utz et al, 2016; see Table 1) have an important role in testing biogeographical hypotheses and investigating the adaptive radiation in Bromeliaceae.…”