Phylogenetics and evolution of theTillandsia utriculatacomplex (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) inferred from three plastid DNA markers and the ETS of the nuclear ribosomal DNA

Abstract

We performed a phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference of three plastid DNA markers and the external transcribed spacer (ETS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA to assess the species composition of the Tillandsia utriculata complex and their phylogenetic relationships, and to reconstruct patterns of character evolution and biogeography. The results showed that species of the T. utriculata complex are nested in a clade composed mainly of Mexican and Central American species of T. subgenus Tillandsia (Mexican Clade), and are organized in two lineages: the T. utriculata clade and the T. limbata clade. The ancestor of the core Mexican Clade was probably a T. utriculata-like epiphyte (Group II-type remote flowers and flexuous rachises). The T. utriculata clade is defined morphologically by the presence of acute petals. In this clade, there are two lineages: one of high-elevation, saxicolous, grey-leaved plants from the Mexican Plateau; and one which is more widespread and found from the Gulf of Mexico to Venezuela. The T. limbata clade probably arose in western Mesoamerica and is defined by rounded petals. These species are found mainly in tropical dry forests, but one species colonized wet environments of eastern Mesoamerica. Finally, analyses based on the ETS region allowed us to distinguish between T. utriculata and T. pringlei.

What Do Nectarivorous Bats Like? Nectar Composition in Bromeliaceae With Special Emphasis on Bat-Pollinated Species

“…A schematic and simplified phylogenetic tree of all analyzed Bromeliaceae species combining molecular and morphological findings was established. The schematic tree was created using Mesquite 3.51; it is based on 23 different phylogenetic investigations of different molecular findings (Faria et al, 2004; Barfuss et al, 2005, 2016; Givnish, 2007; Horres et al, 2007; Hornung-Leoni et al, 2008; Almeida et al, 2009; Rex et al, 2009; Schulte et al, 2009; Chew et al, 2010; Jabaily and Sytsma, 2010; Sass and Specht, 2010; Givnish et al, 2011, 2014; Gomes-da-Silva et al, 2012; Versieux et al, 2012; Escobedo-Sarti et al, 2013; Costa et al, 2015; Evans et al, 2015; Pinzón et al, 2016; Schütz et al, 2016; Gomes-da-Silva and Souza-Chies, 2018; Moura et al, 2018). The pollinator type and the nectar composition (sugar ratio, amino acid concentration, concentration of inorganic ions) were mapped on the species level in order to visualize the phylogenetic distribution of bat-pollination.…”

Estudio florístico de la microcuenca del Cañón de Los Chivos, San Luis Potosí, México

“…México es considerado como centro de diversidad y origen para estos géneros o algunas de sus secciones (Gentry 1982, Farjon 1996, Valencia-A. 2004, García-Mendoza 2004, Sosa & De-Nova 2012, Pinzón et al 2016, Sosa et al 2018. Por ejemplo, la SMOr representa uno de los centros de origen y mayor riqueza específica del género Quercus (Govaerts & Frodin 1998, Valencia-A.…”

Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Bromeliaceae

“…Na Serra dos Carajás forma pequenas populações em locais sombreados e úmidos na Serra Norte: N1 e Serra Sul: S11-D. Tillandsia em sua atual circunscrição é um gênero artificial e sua diferenciação dos demais de gêneros de Tillandsioideae ainda é indefinida (Barfuss et al 2005). É um dos maiores gêneros de Bromeliaceae, compreendendo mais de 600 espécies (Pinzón et al 2016) distribuídas por toda região neotropical e parte da América subtropical (Smith & Downs 1977). Inclui ervas em geral epífitas, tênues, folhas lineares, atenuadas com grande densidade de tricomas, inflorescências simples ou compostas, unifloras ou multifloras, com flores dísticas ou polísticas e pétalas membranáceas (Smith & Downs 1977;Donadío et al 2014).…”