Phylogenetic Systematics and Evolution of the Spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae Using Genomic Scale Data

Opatová, Věra; Hamilton, Chris A.; Hedin, Marshal; de, Laura Montes; Král, Jaroslav; Bond, Jason E.

doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz064

Cited by 91 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…This study revealed a suite of morphological characters (Appendix ), from both male and female spiders, which will be valuable in future taxonomic revisions within the tribe, and which should be considered during taxonomic or phylogenetic studies on other mygalomorph groups too, especially idiopids and their closest relatives within the Domiothelina (i.e. Ctenizidae, Euctenizidae, Migidae and Halonoproctidae; Opatova et al, 2020). The challenging morphology of mygalomorph spiders has frequently been lamented by arachnologists; shared plesiomorphic characters and frequent homoplasy in derived characters obfuscate phylogenetic signal (Raven, 1985; Goloboff, 1993; Bond, 2012; Opatova et al, 2020), whereas at lower phylogenetic levels, discrete morphological differences may not be present between taxa that display interspecific levels of genetic divergence (see, e.g., Satler et al, 2013; Leavitt et al, 2015; Montes de Oca et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Ctenizidae, Euctenizidae, Migidae and Halonoproctidae; Opatova et al, 2020). The challenging morphology of mygalomorph spiders has frequently been lamented by arachnologists; shared plesiomorphic characters and frequent homoplasy in derived characters obfuscate phylogenetic signal (Raven, 1985; Goloboff, 1993; Bond, 2012; Opatova et al, 2020), whereas at lower phylogenetic levels, discrete morphological differences may not be present between taxa that display interspecific levels of genetic divergence (see, e.g., Satler et al, 2013; Leavitt et al, 2015; Montes de Oca et al, 2016). Selection has been suggested as the potential cause of these issues; adaptation to the sedentary, fossorial lifestyle shared by most mygalomorph taxa may select against significant departures from the morphological “norm” which clearly fits their ecological niche (Bond and Hedin, 2006; Ortiz et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resolving the higher-level systematics of the Australasian spiny trapdoor spiders (family Idiopidae, subfamily Arbanitinae) has been a gradual process over more than three decades, involving several large-scale "reshuffles" in which genera have been redefined and relimited (Main, 1985;Raven and Wishart, 2005;Rix et al, 2017d). Following the trend seen in mygalomorph systematics at all phylogenetic levels (see, e.g., Hedin and Bond, 2006;Bond et al, 2012;Godwin et al, 2018;Hedin et al, 2018Hedin et al, , 2019Opatova et al, 2020), classifications within the Arbanitinae based on morphological data (Main, 1985;Raven, 1985;Raven and Wishart, 2005) recently have been refined and extended using molecular phylogenetic approaches (Rix et al, 2017b, d). In 2017, a molecular phylogeny of the subfamily that included the type species of all genera recognized at the time, as well as a wide selection of described and undescribed species in each genus, facilitated a comprehensive generic relimitation (Rix et al, 2017b, d).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combining multiple data types into a single total‐evidence analysis can allow a researcher to overcome issues associated with each individual datatype. In the case of the Euoplini, analyzing molecular data alone would mean leaving out taxa for which a molecular exemplar is not available, but using morphological data alone also would be challenging, as mygalomorph spiders are notorious for their relatively conservative body plans (see Raven, 1985; Hedin and Bond, 2006; Bond et al, 2012; Leavitt et al, 2015; Godwin et al, 2018; Opatova et al, 2020). By combining these data types in a total‐evidence framework, available characters from all taxa can be included, and the topology of the resulting phylogeny can be driven by both molecular and morphological phylogenetic signal—thereby mitigating the shortcomings of each individual datatype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Total‐evidence analysis of an undescribed fauna: resolving the evolution and classification of Australia’s golden trapdoor spiders (Idiopidae: Arbanitinae: Euoplini)

et al. 2020

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In the trapdoor spider genus Euoplos Rainbow & Pulleine (tribe Euoplini), it was discovered recently that two divergent lineages occur in sympatry in eastern Australia. This challenged the monogeneric classification of the tribe and, in combination with inadequate taxonomic descriptions of some species, precluded comprehensive taxonomic revision. To resolve these issues, we conducted a total-evidence cladistic analysis on a largely undescribed continental fauna-the first such analysis on a group of Australian Mygalomorphae. We combined multilocus molecular data and/or morphological and behavioural data from all known species from eastern Australia (described and undescribed), plus a subset of Western Australian species, to produce a phylogeny for the tribe. We mapped morphological/behavioural characters onto this to identify clade-specific diagnostic characters, and applied these data to a generic reclassification of the tribe. We recovered two sympatric lineages in the Euoplini (the "wafer-door" and "plug-door/palisade" lineages), and revealed the phylogenetic position of all known eastern Australian species within these. Character mapping revealed morphological and behavioural (burrow architecture) features that allow diagnosis of the lineages and clades within them. We erect a new genus, Cryptoforis gen.n., to represent the wafer-door lineage, describe the type species, Cryptoforis hughesae sp.n., and transfer two species from Euoplos to Cryptoforis: C. tasmanica (Hickman, 1928) and C. victoriensis (Main, 1995). This study resolves phylogenetic structure within the Euoplini, and characterizes clades within the tribe to facilitate future taxonomic revisions. It also demonstrates that, whereas male morphology is more informative, female morphological characters relating to genitalia and the scopulation/spination of the anterior legs display phylogenetic signal in the Euoplini, highlighting the subtle nature of informative female characters in mygalomorph spiders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Total‐evidence analysis of an undescribed fauna: resolving the evolution and classification of Australia’s golden trapdoor spiders (Idiopidae: Arbanitinae: Euoplini)

et al. 2020

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“…Trapdoor spiders belong to an ancient lineage of chelicerate arthropods, the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae, which includes charismatic fauna such as tarantulas and Australian funnel web spiders [1]. These spiders are sedentary, fossorial predators that build silk-lined burrows; females are non-vagile and mature males emerge seasonally to search for females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifting evolutionary sands: transcriptome characterization of the Aptostichus atomarius species complex

2020

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Background: Mygalomorph spiders represent a diverse, yet understudied lineage for which genomic level data has only recently become accessible through high-throughput genomic and transcriptomic sequencing methods. The Aptostichus atomarius species complex (family Euctenizidae) includes two coastal dune endemic members, each with inland sister speciesaffording exploration of dune adaptation associated patterns at the transcriptomic level. We apply an RNAseq approach to examine gene family conservation across the species complex and test for patterns of positive selection along branches leading to dune endemic species. Results: An average of~44,000 contigs were assembled for eight spiders representing dune (n = 2), inland (n = 4), and atomarius species complex outgroup taxa (n = 2). Transcriptomes were estimated to be 64% complete on average with 77 spider reference orthologs missing from all taxa. Over 18,000 orthologous gene clusters were identified within the atomarius complex members, > 5000 were detected in all species, and~4700 were shared between species complex members and outgroup Aptostichus species. Gene family analysis with the FUSTr pipeline identified 47 gene families appearing to be under selection in the atomarius ingroup; four of the five top clusters include sequences strongly resembling other arthropod venom peptides. The COATS pipeline identified six gene clusters under positive selection on branches leading to dune species, three of which reflected the preferred species tree. Genes under selection were identified as Cytochrome P450 2c15 (also recovered in the FUSTr analysis), Niemann 2 Pick C1-like, and Kainate 2 isoform X1. Conclusions: We have generated eight draft transcriptomes for a closely related and ecologically diverse group of trapdoor spiders, identifying venom gene families potentially under selection across the Aptostichus atomarius complex and chemosensory-associated gene families under selection in dune endemic lineages.

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Phylogeography and cohesion species delimitation of California endemic trapdoor spiders within the Aptostichus icenoglei sibling species complex (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae)

Newton

Starrett

Jochim

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Species delimitation is an imperative first step toward understanding Earth's biodiversity, yet what constitutes a species and the relative importance of the various processes by which new species arise continue to be debatable. Species delimitation in spiders has traditionally used morphological characters; however, certain mygalomorph spiders exhibit morphological homogeneity despite long periods of population-level isolation, absence of gene flow, and consequent high degrees of molecular divergence.Studies have shown strong geographic structuring and significant genetic divergence among several species complexes within the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus, most of which are restricted to the California Floristic Province (CAFP) biodiversity hotspot. Specifically, the Aptostichus icenoglei complex, which comprises the three sibling species, A. barackobamai, A. isabella, and A. icenoglei, exhibits evidence of cryptic mitochondrial DNA diversity throughout their ranges in Northern, Central, and Southern California. Our study aimed to explicitly test species hypotheses within this assemblage by implementing a cohesion species-based approach. We used genomic-scale data (ultraconserved elements, UCEs) to first evaluate genetic exchangeability and then assessed ecological interchangeability of genetic lineages. Biogeographical analysis was used to assess the likelihood of dispersal versus vicariance events that may have influenced speciation pattern and process across the CAFP's complex geologic and topographic landscape. Considering the lack of congruence across data types and analyses, we take a more conservative approach by retaining species boundaries within A. icenoglei.

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Phylogenetic Systematics and Evolution of the Spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae Using Genomic Scale Data

Cited by 91 publications

References 143 publications

Total‐evidence analysis of an undescribed fauna: resolving the evolution and classification of Australia’s golden trapdoor spiders (Idiopidae: Arbanitinae: Euoplini)

Total‐evidence analysis of an undescribed fauna: resolving the evolution and classification of Australia’s golden trapdoor spiders (Idiopidae: Arbanitinae: Euoplini)

Shifting evolutionary sands: transcriptome characterization of the Aptostichus atomarius species complex

Phylogeography and cohesion species delimitation of California endemic trapdoor spiders within the Aptostichus icenoglei sibling species complex (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae)

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