Phylogenetic study of the genera of Trichopterygini from Austral South American (Lepidoptera: Geometridae): a new classification

Abstract

Phylogenetic study of the genera of South American Austral Trichopterygini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae): a new classifi cation. In this work, we evaluate the taxonomy of the Trichopterygini in Chile based on a phylogenetic analysis of the morphological attributes. In our analysis, we used Tatosoma and Sauris as outgroups. Two approaches were used to evaluate phylogenetic relationships: 1) parsimony criterion, and 2) Bayesian inference. Parsimony analysis was conducted in PAUP software, and Bayesian analysis with Markov chain Monte Carlo using the BayesPhylogenies software. Our results based on the phylogenetic hypothesis suggest a new taxonomic order for Trichopterygini of the Andean Region of Southern South America. The valid genera are: Arrayanaria Parra, Butleriana Parra, Danielaparra Kemal & Kocak, Fueguina Parra, Hoplosauris Butler, Lagynopteryx Berg, Llampidken Parra & Santos-Salas, Pachrophylla Blanchard, Parapachrophylla Parra, Rindgenaria Parra, Tomopteryx Philippi, Triptila Warren, Triptiloides Parra & Santos-Salas, Warrenaria Parra. The main changes with respect to the previous taxonomic order are: 1) the genus Lagynopteryx Berg is subordinated under the Trichopterygini; 2) Toxopaltes Warren is a junior synonym of Lagynopteryx; 3) Hoplosauris moesta is transferred to the genus Llampidken; 4) Llampidken valdiviana is a junior synonym of L. moesta; 5) Oparabia arenosa is newly combined with the genus Arrayanaria; 6) Danielaparra viridis is a junior synonym of D. fragmentata; 7) Lobophora imbricaria is newly combined with the genus Danielaparra; 8) Triptiloides fasciata is a junior synonym of T. randallae; and 9) Parapachrophylla michelleae Parra n. sp. is described. Andean Region species are more closely related to the genus Tatosoma from New Zealand, the synapomorphies that demonstrate this are: swollen metaepimeron and hypertrophy of the second abdominal segment. A checklist of the genera and species of the tribe in the region, and the fi gures of adults and genitalia of some species are included. (Felder & Rogenhofer), Parapachrophylla michelleae Parra n. sp., Taxonomy, Distribution, Phylogeny, Chile, Argentina. KEYWORDS: Larentiinae, Lagynopteryx botulata RESUMENEn este trabajo se evalúa la taxonomía de los Trichopterygini de Chile a partir de un análisis fi logenético de los atributos morfológicos. En nuestro análisis, hemos utilizado Tatosoma y Sauris como grupos externos. Se utilizaron dos enfoques para evaluar las relaciones fi logenéticas: 1) criterio de parsimonia, y 2) inferencia bayesiana. El análisis de parsimonia se realizó a través del programa PAUP y el análisis bayesiano con cadenas de Markov y Monte Carlo a través del programa BayesPhylogenies. Nuestros resultados basados en la hipótesis fi logenética sugieren un nuevo orden taxonómico para Trichopterygini de la Región Andina del Sur de Sudamérica. Los géneros válidos son: Arrayanaria Parra, Butleriana Parra, Danielaparra Kemal & Kocak, Fueguina Parra, Hoplosauris Butler, Lagynopteryx Berg, Llampidken Parra & Santos-...

An updated catalogue of the Geometridae (Lepidoptera: Geometroidea) from Chile. Part I: Archiearinae, Geometrinae and Sterrhinae

“…Later, further lists and catalogues have been compiled that comprise information on the Chilean Geometridae (Angulo & Casanueva 1981), and geometrid moths of the world (Scoble 1999). However, the taxonomic knowledge is continually changing and a considerable number of taxonomic revisions have been published subsequently (e.g., Parra & Hernández 2010;Parra et al 2017). Our aim is to provide an up-to-date taxonomic catalogue of the Geometridae of Chile, with annotations including BIN numbers, synonyms, information about type material, references and new data about the distribution and biology of the species.…”

The Trichopterygini (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) of Austral South America: description of new species from Chile

“…A 1 , when present, is only a remnant vein, slightly visible at the base of the hindwing. This is different in Llampidken in which no anal veins go across the lobe (an autapomorphy) (Parra and Santos-Salas 1992; Parra et al 2017). Although the genetic divergence between B.phoenix and the type species ( B.minor ) is high (approximately 11%), it is possible to assign B.phoenix to the genus Butleriana because of the consistency in males of the hindwing and genital morphology, i.e., both species have similar valvae and a single anal vein through the subtriangular lobe, with the A 1 vein slightly visible at its base.…”

“…Regarding Aloba , Warren (1895) was the first to placed this genus in the tribe Trichopterygini and included only one species. Nevertheless, this species was not considered to belong to the Trichopterygini in later works (e.g., Parra et al 2017). After analyzing the anatomical features of this species, it is possible to recognize it as a member of the Trichopterygini and re-assign it to the tribe.…”

“…Despite their high species-richness in Chile (i.e., around half of known Chilean geometrids are larentiines), there are relatively few studies related to these moths as compared to the Ennominae. So far, most research efforts focused on the revision of the genus Eupithecia Curtis (Vojnits 1985, 1992, 1994; Rindge 1987, 1991) and the tribe Trichopterygini (Parra 1991, 1996; Parra and Santos-Salas 1991, 1992; Parra et al 2009, 2017).…”

“…Phylogenetically, Trichopterygini is a group at the base of Larentiinae, sister to all other larentiines, along with Chesiadini and Dyspteridini (Viidalepp 2011; Sihvonen et al 2011; Õunap et al 2016). The characteristics that distinguish Trichopterygini are the reduced size of the anal area of male hindwing to a fold, crevice, vesicle, flap or lobe, and the presence of a sternal pouch that does not occlude the tympanal opening (Dugdale 1980; Parra et al 2017). In Chile, there are 14 genera and 39 species of trichopterygines.…”