Phylogenetic relationships within the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) based on nuclear 18S rRNA sequences

Berntson, Ewann A.; Bayer, Frederick M.; McArthur, Andrew G.

doi:10.1007/s002270000457

Cited by 91 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…This molecular evidence corroborated results uncovering the evolution of two independent and convergent groups of branching octocorals, which have analogous rigid axial structures. These octocoral clades were also found in both France et al (1996) and Berntson et al (2001) with low statistical support. In addition, the two clades have qualitative differences in their predicted RNA secondary structures (Sa´nchez et al, 2003a).…”

Section: Evolution Of Branching In Gorgonian Octocoralsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Evolution and dynamics of branching colonial form in marine modular cnidarians: gorgonian octocorals

Sánchez

2004

Hydrobiologia

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Multi-branched arborescent networks are common patterns for many sessile marine modular organisms but no clear understanding of their development is yet available. This paper reviews new findings in the theoretical and comparative biology of branching modular organisms (e.g. Octocorallia: Cnidaria) and new hypotheses on the evolution of form are discussed. A particular characteristic of branching Caribbean gorgonian octocorals is a morphologic integration at two levels of colonial organization based on whether the traits are at the module or colony level. This revealed an emergent level of integration and modularity produced by the branching process itself and not entirely by the module replication. In essence, not just a few changes at the module level could generate changes in colony architecture, suggesting uncoupled developmental patterning for the polyp and branch level traits. Therefore, the evolution of colony form in octocorals seems to be related to the changes affecting the process of branching. Branching in these organisms is sub-apical, coming from mother branches, and the highly self-organized form is the product of a dynamic process maintaining a constant ratio between mother and daughter branches. Colony growth preserves shape but is a logistic growth-like event due to branch interference and/or allometry. The qualitative branching patterns in octocorals (e.g. sea feathers, fans, sausages, and candelabra) occurred multiple times when compared with recent molecular phylogenies, suggesting independence of common ancestry to achieve these forms. A number of species with different colony forms, particularly alternate species (e.g. sea candelabrum), shared the same value for an important branching parameter (the ratio of mother to total branches). According to the way gorgonians branch and achieve form, it is hypothesized that the diversity of alternate species sharing the same narrow variance in that critical parameter for growth might be the product of canalization (or a developmental constraint), where uniform change in growth rates and maximum colony size might explain colony differences among species. If the parameter preserving shape in the colonies is fixed but colonies differ in their growth rates and maximum sizes, heterochrony could be responsible for the evolution among some gorgonian corals with alternate branching.

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Section: Evolution Of Branching In Gorgonian Octocoralsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Evolution and dynamics of branching colonial form in marine modular cnidarians: gorgonian octocorals

Sánchez

2004

Hydrobiologia

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“…[Pennatulacea, and Calcaxonian gorgonians (Primnoidae and Isididae) respectively]. In the second of the published contributions based on molecular comparisons within the subclass Octocorallia using nuclear 18S rRNA (Berntson et al, 2001), Dendrobrachia paucispina showed a close affinity with the genera Corallium and Para gorgia (both dimorphic Scleraxonian gorgonians, Cor- alliidae and Paragorgiidae respectively). Currently the genus Dendrobrachia is isolated in a family by itself, Dendrobrachiidae, because of the unique nature of the axial skeleton.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two new species of <i>Dendrobrachia</i> Brook, 1889 (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Dendrobrachiidae) from the north-eastern Atlantic and western Mediterranean

López–González¹,

Cunha²

2010

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: Examination of recent benthic material collected during several cruises in the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic) and the Strait of Sicily (Mediterranean) has allowed the taxonomic reassessment of some previously identified specimens belonging to the monogeneric gorgonian family Dendrobrachiidae Brook, 1889. Dendrobrachia fallax Brook, 1889 is the type species of the single genus in this family, and was originally described from Ascension Island (South Atlantic). Subsequently, other authors reported the presence of this species in Cape Verde Islands (north-eastern Atlantic) and some Mediterranean localities (Alboran Sea and the Strait of Sicily). The study of the specimen from the Prince of Monaco collections in Cape Verde Islands, and recently collected material from the Gulf of Cadiz (north-eastern Atlantic) and in the south of Malta (Mediterranean), materials previously considered as D. fallax, allow us to recognize two undescribed species in this genus. All previous records of D. fallax from the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean should be considered incorrect. Opresko and Bayer (1991) added two additional species of Dendrobrachia. Two new species are described here and compared with their congeners.Keywords: Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Dendrobrachia, north-eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean, new species. RESUMEN: Dos nuevas especies de DenDrobrachia Brook, 1889 (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Dendrobrachiidae) del Atlántico noreste y del Mediterráneo occidental. -El examen de material bentónico recolectado recientemente en diferentes cruceros en el Golfo de Cádiz (Atántico noreste) y estrecho de Sicilia (Mediterráneo) ha permitido el reemplazamiento taxonómico de algunos especímenes previamente identificados pertenecientes a la familia monogenérica de Gorgona Dendrobrachiidae Brook, 1889. Dendrobrachia fallax Brook, 1889 es la especie tipo del único género de esta familia, y fue originalmente descrito de la isla Ascensión (Atlántico sur). Posteriormente, otros autores citaron su presencia en las islas Cabo Verde (Atlántico noreste) y algunas localidades mediterráneas (mar de Alborán y estrecho de Sicilia). El estudio del especimen de la colección del Príncipe de Mónaco en las islas Cabo Verde, y material recientemente recolectado del golfo de Cádiz (Atlántico noreste) y sur de Malta (Mediterráneo), material previamente considerado como D. fallax, nos permiten reconocer dos especies no descritas en este género. Todas las citas previas de D. fallax en el Atlántico nordeste y Mediterrá-neo deben ser consideradas incorrectas. Dos especies adicionales al género fueron añadidas por Opresko y Bayer, 1991. Dos nuevas especies son descritas aquí y comparadas con su congéneres.

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“…Bernston et al 1999Bernston et al , 2001Collins 2002). Thus, a tremendous amount of data was already available to use in this study.…”

Section: Marker Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Molecular Methods to Identify and Quantify Ballast Water Organisms: A Test Case with Cnidarians

Kreiser¹

2004

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. Figure 2. Amplification of 14 clones with the Alcyonaria F, Actiniaria F and R primers. The leftmost lane is a 1kb size standard (Promega). The presence of two amplification products is diagnostic of an Alcyonaria anthozoan while one major amplification product represents an Actiniaria anthozoan. Failure to amplify using these primers is taken to mean that the clone represents either a Hydrozoa or Scyphozoa. Each lane represents a load of 5µl of PCR product. 27 Figure 3. Two sets of amplifications of 13 clones with either the Hydrozoa F and R or Scyphozoa F and R primers. The rightmost lanes are a PCR negative control and a 1kb size standard (Promega). The presence of an amplification product with one but not the other primer set provides an identification of the clone as either Hydrozoa or Scyphozoa. Each lane represents a load of 5µl of PCR product. Table 3. 16S rRNA sequences examined. Species are grouped taxonomically. Sequences were either obtained from GenBank (accession numbers provided) or were generated by this project (labeled as This project). 41 Table 4. Primers designed to amplify portions of the 16S rRNA in various cnidarian groups. Primer sequences are listed in a 5'-3' orientation. 43 Table 5. Diagnostic 16S rRNA RFLPs for scyphozoan species. The fragment sizes generated by each restriction enzyme are listed for each species. DNC means that the enzyme does not cut that particular species. The area between scyphozoan primers F & R is used in this analysis. The length of the fragment amplified by these primers is listed size (bp). 44 Table 6. Diagnostic 16S rRNA RFLPs for hydrozoan species. The fragment sizes generated by each restriction enzyme are listed for each species. DNC means that the enzyme does not cut that particular species. The area between hydrozoan primers F & R is used in this analysis. The length of the fragment amplified by these primers is listed size (bp). 44 Table 7. 16S rRNA RFLPs for anthozoan species within the orders Alcyonaria (soft corals) and Gorgonacea (sea fans). The fragment sizes generated by each restriction enzyme is listed for each species. DNC means that the enzyme does not cut that particular species. A letter designation has been assigned to each un...

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Phylogenetic relationships within the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) based on nuclear 18S rRNA sequences

Cited by 91 publications

References 0 publications

Evolution and dynamics of branching colonial form in marine modular cnidarians: gorgonian octocorals

Evolution and dynamics of branching colonial form in marine modular cnidarians: gorgonian octocorals

Two new species of <i>Dendrobrachia</i> Brook, 1889 (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Dendrobrachiidae) from the north-eastern Atlantic and western Mediterranean

Developing Molecular Methods to Identify and Quantify Ballast Water Organisms: A Test Case with Cnidarians

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