PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE GENUSHYPNEA(GIGARTINALES, RHODOPHYTA), WITH A DESCRIPTION OFH. CAESPITOSASP. NOV.

Abstract

Species discrimination within the gigartinalean red algal genus Hypnea has been controversial. To help resolve the controversy and explore phylogeny within the genus, we determined rbcL sequences from 30 specimens of 23 species within the genus, cox1 from 22 specimens of 10 species, and psaA from 16 species. We describe H. caespitosa as a new species characterized by a relatively slender main axis; a pulvinate growth habit with entangled, anastomosing, and subulate uppermost branches; and unilaterally borne tetrasporangial sori. The new species occurs in the warm waters of Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore. The phylogenetic trees of rbcL, psaA, and cox1 sequences showed a distant relationship of H. caespitosa to H. pannosa J. Agardh from Baja California and the marked differentiation from other similar species. The rbcL + psaA tree supported monophyly of the genus with high bootstrap values and posterior probabilities. The analysis revealed three clades within the genus, corresponding to three sections, namely, Virgatae, Spinuligerae, and Pulvinatae first recognized by J. G. Agardh. Exceptions were H. japonica T. Tanaka in Pulvinatae and H. spinella (C. Agardh) Kütz. in Spinuligerae.

Phylogenetic relationships and distribution of Gelidium crinale and G. pusillum (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) using cox1 and rbcL sequences

“…DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing are described in Geraldino et al (2010). Primer pairs for amplification and sequencing of each gene were as follows: for rbcL, F7-R753 and F645-RrbcS start Rueness 1994, Lin et al 2001, Gavio http://e-algae.kr terete to flattened distally (up to 550 µm wide).…”

Molecular diversity and morphology of the genus Actinotrichia (Galaxauraceae, Rhodophyta) from the western Pacific, with a new record of A. robusta in the Andaman Sea

“…DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing are described in Geraldino et al (2010). Specific primer pairs for the amplification and sequencing of each gene were: 1) rbcL, F7-R753 and F645-RrbcS start (Freshwater and Rueness 1994, Lin et al 2001, Gavio and Fredericq 2002 and 2) cox1, cox143F-C880R (Geraldino et al 2006, Yang et al 2008.…”

Diversidade do gênero Hypnea (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) do estado de São Paulo baseada em marcadores moleculares e morfologia

“…Trabalhos em relação à morfologia e anatomia deste grupo (Pueschel & Cole 1982, Silva & Johansen 1986, Fredericq & Hommersand 1989, Maggs & Pueschel 1989, assim como o posterior uso de ferramentas moleculares Saunders & Kraft 1994,2002Harper & Saunders 2001), reduziram a heterogeneidade da ordem, tendo grande impacto no entendimento da composição e das relações entre os membros das Gigartinales . Mshigeni 1978 a, b;Masuda et al 1997;Geraldino et al 2010). …”

“…A divergência interespecífica do marcador cox1, para as amostras deste estudo, apresentou valores próximos aos encontrados para o gênero em outros locais (Geraldino et al 2009(Geraldino et al , 2010 As análises filogenéticas para as sequências de rbcL mostram que os espécimes brasileiros estão espalhados nos ramos principais e tem como grupos mais proximamente relacionados espécimes da região Pacífica. Uma análise incluindo outras amostras de Hypnea para a região do Atlântico poderá esclarecer melhor a origem e distribuição das diferentes espécies.…”