Phylogenetic Relationships of Asian &lt;I&gt;Begonia&lt;/I&gt;, with an Emphasis on the Evolution of Rain-ballist and Animal Dispersal Mechanisms in Sections &lt;I&gt;Platycentrum, Sphenanthera&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;Leprosae&lt;/I&gt;

Tebbitt, Mark C.; Forrest, Laura L.; Santoriello, Anthony; Clement, Wendy L.; Swensen, Susan M.

doi:10.1600/036364406777585784

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Leprosae), these six species are all rhizomatous and distributed exclusively in the SinoVietnamese limestone karsts. Given the strongly supported phylogenetic relationship, the presence of additional placentation and fruit types in the clade composed of species mainly with parietal placentation and dry capsule further attests the labile nature of ovary and fruit types for the infrageneric classification of Begonia highlighted by previous works (e.g., Tebbitt et al 2006;Thomas et al 2011). Because of the strongly supported phylogenetic relationship and apparent cohesiveness in terms of their perennation mode, geographic distribution, and ecological preference, Chung et al (2014) expands the concept of Begonia sect.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Two new species of

Peng

Yang

et al. 2014

Botanical Studies

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Background: In our recent molecular phylogenetic study of Asian Begonia, two undescribed species, B. guixiensis sp. ined. (S. Guangxi, China) and B. longa sp. ined. (Vietnam), were sampled and placed within the strongly supported clade composed of Begonia sect. Coelocentrum and other co-distributed rhizomatous species in the Sino-Vietnamese limestone karsts. While Begonia sect. Coelocentrum has been recircumscribed based on the phylogenetic relationships, B. guixiensis sp. ined. and B. longa sp. ined. remain illegitimate names. In continuation of our studies in Asian Begonia, these two new species are described and illustrated. Results: Begonia guixiensis resembles B. cylindrica in the peltate, subcoriaceous leaves, differing by the shape of ovary/fruit and the type of placentation. In aspect, B. longa bears a superficial resemblance to B. brevipedunculata in leaf shape in particular, differing by many other features such as the long internodes, shorter petioles and smaller leaves, longer peduncles and 3-locular ovary. The chromosome number of both new species is determined as 2n = 30. Conclusion: A careful study of the literature, herbarium specimens and living plants, both in the wild and in cultivation in the experimental greenhouse, support the recognition of the two new species, which are described and illustrated herein.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Two new species of

Peng

Yang

et al. 2014

Botanical Studies

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“…In some rain-dispersed plants of otherwise polysymmetric groups (with disymmetric gynoecium) the fruits (and the gynoecium at anthesis) are pronouncedly monosymmetric, such as Tiarella and some Chrysosplenium species of Saxifragaceae. The same applies for some species of Begonia (Begoniaceae, Cucurbitales) (Matthews & Endress, 2004;Tebbitt et al, 2006). In Tiarella the gynoecium is horizontally exposed with two broad, shovel-shaped carpels.…”

Section: Bird-pollinated Flowers In Hawaiimentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Floral monosymmetry is rare. In Begoniaceae, some species of Begonia have a monosymmetric (or even asymmetric) inferior ovary, which acts in rainballistic seed dispersal (Tebbitt et al, 2006). In Cucurbitaceae, the oil flowers of some Momordica species are monosymmetric (or asymmetric) (Vogel, 1990).…”

Section: Berberidopsidales Monosymmetric Flowers Are Lacking In Berbmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immense Diversity of Floral Monosymmetry and Asymmetry Across Angiosperms

Endress

2012

Bot. Rev.

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Floral monosymmetry and asymmetry are traced through the angiosperm orders and families. Both are diverse and widespread in angiosperms. The systematic distribution of the different forms of monosymmetry and asymmetry indicates that both evolved numerous times. Elaborate forms occur in highly synorganized flowers. Less elaborate forms occur by curvature of organs and by simplicity with minimal organ numbers. Elaborate forms of asymmetry evolved from elaborate monosymmetry. Less elaborate form come about by curvature or torsion of organs, by imbricate aestivation of perianth organs, or also by simplicity. Floral monosymmetry appears to be a key innovation in some groups (e.g., Orchidaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiales), but not in others. Floral asymmetry appears as a key innovation in Phaseoleae (Fabaceae). Simple patterns of monosymmetry appear easily "reverted" to polysymmetry, whereas elaborate monosymmetry is difficult to lose without disruption of floral function (e.g., Orchidaceae). Monosymmetry and asymmetry can be expressed at different stages of floral (and fruit) development and may be transient in some taxa. The two symmetries are most common in bee-pollinated flowers, and appear to be especially prone to develop in some specialized biological situations: monosymmetry, e.g., with buzz-pollinated flowers or with oil flowers, and asymmetry also with buzz-pollinated flowers, both based on the particular collection mechanisms by the pollinating bees. Floral monosymmetry has developed into a model trait in evo-devo studies, whereas floral asymmetry to date has not been tackled in molecular genetic studies.

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“…Different fruit morphologies are associated with different dispersal syndromes. Wind dispersed Begonia fruits tend to have two locules and three nearly equal sized wings, while rain dispersed species have fruits with one large wing and two smaller wings (Tebbitt et al, 2006). The fruits are often asymmetrical with one locule and wing larger than the others.…”

Section: Fin-winged Fruit Survey Extant Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Distribution and Identification of Fin-winged Fruits

2010

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Fin-winged fruits have two or more wings aligned with the longitudinal axis like the feathers of an arrow, as exemplified by Combretum, Halesia, and Ptelea. Such fruits vary in dispersal mode from those in which the fruit itself is the ultimate disseminule, to schizocarps dispersing two or more mericarps, to capsules releasing multiple seeds. At least 45 families and more than 140 genera are known to possess fin-winged fruits. We present an inventory of these taxa and describe their morphological characters as an aid for the identification and phylogenetic assessment of fossil and extant genera. Such fruits are most prevalent among Eudicots, but occur occasionally in Magnoliids (Hernandiaceae: Illigera) and Monocots (Burmannia, Dioscorea, Herreria). Although convergent in general form, fin-winged fruits of different genera can be distinguished by details of the wing number, texture, shape and venation, along with characters of persistent floral parts and dehiscence mode. Families having genera with fin-winged fruits and epigynous perianth include

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Phylogenetic Relationships of Asian <I>Begonia</I>, with an Emphasis on the Evolution of Rain-ballist and Animal Dispersal Mechanisms in Sections <I>Platycentrum, Sphenanthera</I> and <I>Leprosae</I>

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

Two new species of

Two new species of

The Immense Diversity of Floral Monosymmetry and Asymmetry Across Angiosperms

Phylogenetic Distribution and Identification of Fin-winged Fruits

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