Phylogenetic relationships, molecular taxonomy, biogeography of Betula, with emphasis on phylogenetic position of Iranian populations

Bina, Hamid; Yousefzadeh, Hamed; Ali, Syed Shujait; Esmailpour, Mohammad

doi:10.1007/s11295-016-1037-4

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Various studies have advocated the importance of SABP2 and SAMT genes in plant developmental stages and signaling cascades [3,7,50,52,68]. Considering their interaction with numerous molecules, SABP2 and SAMT displayed a higher percentage of polymorphism compared to previously analyzed genomic regions in Betula [64,69,70]. The relative analysis is in agreement with our earlier study where small segments of both genes were investigated [29].…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The use of molecular markers based on, e.g. microsatellites (SSR) and chloroplast regions, could help resolve systematics issues and this technique has already been widely introduced into plant systematics [ 62 – 64 ]. Next-generation sequencing technologies have recently made it possible to conduct whole genome sequencing, allowing the generation of a large number of genome-wide markers [ 65 – 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Marker Development and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and analysis of key genes involved in methyl salicylate biosynthesis in different birch species

Singewar¹,

Moschner²,

Hartung³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Species of the perennial woody plant genus Betula dominate subalpine forests and play a significant role in preserving biological diversity. In addition to their conventional benefits, birches synthesize a wide range of secondary metabolites having pharmacological significance. Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is one of these naturally occurring compounds constitutively produced by different birch species. MeSA is therapeutically important in human medicine for muscle injuries and joint pain. However, MeSA is now mainly produced synthetically due to a lack of information relating to MeSA biosynthesis and regulation. In this study, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of two candidate genes mediating MeSA biosynthesis, SALICYLIC ACID METHYLTRANSFERASE (SAMT) and SALICYLIC ACID-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (SABP2), of high (B. lenta, B. alleghaniensis, B. medwediewii, and B. grossa) and low (B. pendula, B. utilis, B. alnoides, and B. nana) MeSA-producing birch species. Phylogenetic analyses of SAMT and SABP2 genes and homologous genes from other plant species confirmed their evolutionary relationships. Multiple sequence alignments of the amino acid revealed the occurrence of important residues for substrate specificity in SAMT and SABP2. The analysis of cis elements in different birches indicated a functional multiplicity of SAMT and SABP2 and provided insights into the regulation of both genes. We successfully developed six prominent single nucleotide substitution markers that were validated with 38 additional birch individuals to differentiate high and low MeSA-producing birch species. Relative tissue-specific expression analysis of SAMT in leaf and bark tissue of two high and two low MeSA-synthesizing birches revealed a high expression in the bark of both high MeSA-synthesizing birches. In contrast, SABP2 expression in tissues revealed indifferent levels of expression between species belonging to the two groups. The comparative expression and bioinformatics analyses provided vital information that could be used to apply plant genetic engineering technology in the mass production of organic MeSA.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and analysis of key genes involved in methyl salicylate biosynthesis in different birch species

Singewar¹,

Moschner²,

Hartung³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Betulaceae ) are deciduous trees or shrubs commonly distributed across the north temperate zone [1–3]. The age of the genus Betula L. has been estimated to be ~60–75 Ma [2, 4] and the genus further diversified in the Oligocene era [4]. The taxonomy of the genus Betula is generally considered problematic [3, 5, 6] and the positions of several subordinated taxa are still ambiguous [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Betula carpatica genetically distinctive? A morphometric, cytometric and molecular study of birches in the Bohemian Massif with a focus on Carpathian birch

et al. 2019

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Until recently, Czech taxonomists often treated Betula carpatica as a distinct species. Several morphological traits for distinguishing B. carpatica from B. pubescens or other birches are described in literature; however, it has been proven impossible to reliably identify B. carpatica in the field. With the use of morphological and molecular approaches, we intended to assess the position of B. carpatica in the context of other birch taxa reported from the Bohemian Massif and to find more reliable morphological traits for their identification. In our dataset, we distinguished the following birch taxa referred to in the recent Czech literature: B. pendula, B. pubescens, B. carpatica, B. oycoviensis, B. nana, B. petraea and B. ×seideliana. We complemented them with triploids and several diploid and tetraploid “working units” into which we included intermediate individuals that in terms of morphology did not unambiguously match any of the abovementioned birch taxa. Holoploid genome size was measured to determine the ploidy level. To identify genetic relationships between selected taxa and “working units”, microsatellite analyses were performed. Model-based STRUCTURE analysis together with principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on genetic distances was performed to identify the similarities in multilocus genotype data between groups distinguished in the dataset. The applied analyses were not able clearly to distinguish any group among tetraploid individuals. In this light, it was of no use to search for any more reliable morphological traits of B. carpatica and also B. petraea. Among diploids, B. nana was always distinguished, in contrast to B. oycoviensis, which was not genetically recognized despite being usually morphologically distinct. Based on our results and a literature review, we suggest that B. carpatica and also the closely similar B. petraea should not be considered separate species. A similar conclusion seems relevant also for B. oycoviensis; however, further verification is desirable in this case.

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“…Two refugia for temperate plants are recognized in this region (Yousefzadeh et al . 2012; Bina et al . 2016): the Colchis refugium in the catchment basin of the Black Sea, and the Hyrcanian refugium at the southern edge of the Caucasus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of an additional wild contributor, Malus orientalis Uglitzk., to the genome of cultivated apple varieties in the Caucasus and Iran

Bina

Yousefzadeh

Venon

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Anthropogenic and natural divergence processes in crop-wild fruit tree complexes are less studied than in annual crops, especially in the Caucasus, a pivotal region for plant domestication. We investigated anthropogenic and natural divergence processes in apples in the Caucasus from using 26 microsatellite markers amplified on 508 wild and cultivated samples. We found two specific Iranian cultivated populations that were differentiated from Malus domestica, the standard cultivated apple worldwide, suggesting a specific local domestication process in Iran. Some Iranian apple cultivars belonged to the Caucasian wild apple gene pools, indicating that farmers also use local wild apple for cultivation. Substantial wild-crop and crop-crop gene flow were also inferred. We identified seven genetically differentiated populations of wild apples (Malus orientalis) in the Caucasus. Niche modeling indicated that these populations likely resulted from range changes linked to the last glaciation. This study pinpoints Iran as a key region in the evolution and domestication of apple and further demonstrates the role of gene flow during fruit tree domestication as well as the impact of climate change on the natural divergence of a wild fruit tree. The results also provide a practical base for apple conservation and breeding programs in the Caucasus.

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Phylogenetic relationships, molecular taxonomy, biogeography of Betula, with emphasis on phylogenetic position of Iranian populations

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Identification and analysis of key genes involved in methyl salicylate biosynthesis in different birch species

Identification and analysis of key genes involved in methyl salicylate biosynthesis in different birch species

Is Betula carpatica genetically distinctive? A morphometric, cytometric and molecular study of birches in the Bohemian Massif with a focus on Carpathian birch

Evidence of an additional wild contributor, Malus orientalis Uglitzk., to the genome of cultivated apple varieties in the Caucasus and Iran

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