Phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Oxyptilini (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae, Pterophorinae) based on morphological data of adults

Abstract

The monophyly of the tribe Oxyptilini and phylogenetic relationships of the genera embraced in this tribe were examined using 171 (75 binary and 96 multistate) characters of adult morphology. The study material included 98 species of 30 genera, representing all previously recognized genera of Oxyptilini, together with the genera Sphenarches, Antarches, Diacrotricha, and Cosmoclostis, four species of Oidaematophorini, three species of Platyptiliini, as well as three and two other species belonging to Pterophorini and Exelastini respectively. Two Agdistis species were used as outgroups. The cladistic analysis resulted in six equally parsimonious trees. A majority of the recovered synapomorphic characters have previously been used in the taxonomy of the subfamily. However, 25 novel characters were found. The monophyly of Oxyptilini was supported, although only with homoplastic characters and low amounts of tree confidence; the genera Capperia, Procapperia, Paracapperia, Oxyptilus, Megalorhipida, and Trichoptilus were found to be nonmonophyletic; Sphenarches and Antarches were recovered as members of Oxyptilini; the two genera Cosmoclostis and Diacrotricha were placed out of Oxyptilini, inside the tribe Pterophorini; and close affinity of the genus Dejongia to Stangeia, Stenodacma, Megalorhipida, Trichoptilus, and Buckleria species was revealed. Four new combinations, Cosmoclostis lanceata (Arenberger) comb. nov., Nippoptilia regulus (Meyrick) comb. nov., Capperia tadzhica (Zagulajev) comb. nov., and Buckleria negotiosus (Meyrick) comb. nov. are proposed; Capperia insomnis Townsend was considered as a senior synonym of Procapperia hackeri Arenberger syn. nov., Buckleria negotiosus (Meyrick) as a senior synonym of Buckleria vanderwolfi Gielis syn. nov., and Oxyptilus variegatus Meyrick syn. nov. as a junior synonym of Oxyptilus secutor Meyrick.

A new species of Oxyptilus Zeller from the southwestern United States (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae)

“…The close relationship of Crombrugghia and Oxyptilus found by Alipanah et al (2011) based on adult morphology is supported by CO1 barcodes. Within the genus Oxyptilus , the close relationship of O. chrysodactyla and O. delawaricus is likewise supported.…”

“…Alipanah et al (2011) proposed two potential morphology based synapomorphies present in “true Oxyptilus ” involving the shape of tergite VIII in males (Character 68) and a basal sclerotized process of the valvae (Character 138). These characters were scored as missing at the time (68 in O. delawaricus and 138 in O. chrysodactyla ) because they were either obscured or material was not available.…”

“…A recent review and phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Oxyptilini (Alipanah et al 2011) recovered only five species [ O. pilosellae (Zeller), O. parvidactyla (Haworth), O. chrysodactyla (Denis and Schiffermüller), O. delawaricus Zeller, and O. ericetorum (Stainton)] as a monophyletic group referred to as “true Oxyptilus,” with the genus Crombrugghia Tutt recognized as the sister group to Oxyptilus within the tribe. The five “true Oxyptilus ”, including the Nearctic species, O. delawaricus , are associated with the composite genus Hieracium as larval hosts (Gielis 2003, Matthews and Lott 2005).…”

“…Of the remaining 28 species listed by Gielis (2003), some have been assigned to other genera (Alipanah et al (2011), while others were not available for study. Alipanah et al (2010) concurrently described two new genera ( Apoxyptilus Alipanah et al and Pseudoxyptilus Alipanah et al) for outlying taxa studied which were previously included in Oxyptilus and provided a decisive key to the 19 genera now included in the tribe Oxyptilini.…”

Macromycetes of Regional Landscape Park “Tiligulskiy” (Odessa Area)

“…In the recent years there were several studies on Pterophoridae of the Central Asia, carrying out an inventory of the fauna, identifying the composition and distribution of the species on the territory of Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Afghanistan: Alipanah & Ustjuzhanin (2005); Alipanah & Gielis (2010); Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich (2008); Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich (2011); Ustjuzhanin et al (2014); Ustjuzhanin et al (2016).…”