Phylogenetic relationships in the Crassulaceae inferred from chloroplast DNA restriction‐site variation

Abstract

A restriction-site analysis of chloroplast DNA from 44 species, representing 19 genera and all six subfamilies of the Crassulaceae was conducted using 12 restriction endonucleases. A total of 969 variable sites was detected, 608 of which were phylogenetically informative and used in parsimony analysis. Estimated values of nucleotide sequence divergence were used to construct a distance tree by the neighbor-joining method. Maximum sequence divergence in the family was ϳ7%. Different tree inference methods yielded only moderately different topologies. The amount of support for the monophyletic groups obtained in the Wagner parsimony analysis was evaluated by bootstrap and decay analysis. There is very strong support for a basal division of the family, which separates the monophyletic subfamily Crassuloideae from all other taxa. Four of the six traditionally recognized subfamilies are indicated to be polyphyletic. These include the Cotyledonoideae, Sempervivoideae, Sedoideae, and Echeverioideae. The Kalanchoideae and the genera Cotyledon and Adromischus exhibit low levels of cpDNA sequence divergence relative to one another, suggesting a relatively recent radiation. The genera Sedum and Rosularia are indicated to be polyphyletic. Sedum comprises sister taxa of most of the other genera of the family.

Estimation of Phylogeny of Nineteen Sedoideae Species Cultivated in Korea Inferred from Chloroplast DNA Analysis

“…This may be due to the different biogeographic distribution, considering that S. sarmentosum is indigenous to Asian countries, including Korea, while S. acre originated from Europe (Table 1). Sedum album was shown to be distant from the other Sedum species in the phylogeny according to cpDNA (Van Ham and 'T Hart, 1998), which also consistent with our findings (Fig. 1).…”

“…1). Additionally, Phedimus species were always grouped with Hylotelephium species in this study, with reliable bootstrapping values (50% majority rule), consistent with the cpDNA genome analysis by Van Ham and 'T Hart (1998). Recently, cpDNA variations have been used to trace the origin of Hosta cultivars by Lee and Maki (2015) who previously analyzed two noncoding regions of cpDNA in wild populations of Hosta to identify specific regional features (Lee and Maki, 2013).…”

“…The latter lineage is composed of three subfamilies (Echeverioideae, Sedoideae, and Sempervivoideae) (Berger et al, 1930). Despite the general consensus that a substantial part of it is highly artificial, Berger's classification for Crassulaceae has been widely used because of its comprehensiveness and great practical value (Van Ham and 'T Hart, 1998). Sedum, the largest genus of Crassulaceae, is a polyphyletic genus that encompasses much of the morphological diversity present in the family.…”

“…Recently, the phylogeny of the Dendrobium species in Thailand was reconstructed using data from a partial matK gene and rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences (Srikulnath et al, 2015). Using sequences in a noncoding region in cpDNA, Crassulaceae species have been analyzed by several research groups for their molecular evolution or discrimination within the genus (Van Ham and 'T Hart, 1998;Van Ham et al, 1994). In particular, Mayuzumi and Ohba (2004) evaluated the phylogenetic positions of Eastern Asian Sedoideae plants using trnL-F (spacers between tRNA-Leucine and Phenylalanine) data.…”

“…1). Using cpDNA genome sequence analysis of Sedum, Van Ham and 'T Hart (1998) analyzed four species, three of which were also used in the present study (S. album, S. acre, and S. sarmentosum). Interestingly, among the four species in that previous study, S. acre and S. sarmentosum were the least related to each other, consistent with our generated phylogeny.…”