Phylogenetic Relationships in Cornus (Cornaceae)

Murrell, Zack E.

doi:10.2307/2419420

Cited by 62 publications

(111 citation statements)

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“…Wangerin 1910;Hutchinson 1942;Pojarkova 1950;Ferguson 1966;Eyde 1987;Xiang 1987;Murrell 1993Murrell , 1996Hardin and Murrell 1997;Takhtajan 1997;Feng et al 2011). In the current classification, dogwoods are divided into four major clades: the blue-or white-fruited (BW, *35-45 species), the cornelian cherries (CC, 6 species), the big-bracted (BB, *7-12 species), and the dwarf dogwoods (DD 3 herbaceous species) (Xiang et al 1993(Xiang et al , 1996(Xiang et al , 1998(Xiang et al , 2006Fan and Xiang 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, there has been little agreement on the number of species and lower taxonomic ranks within the largest subgenus of dogwoods Kraniopsis (Xiang 1989;Murrell 1993;Xiang et al 1996Xiang et al , 2006Xiang and Boufford 2005). However, the taxonomic rank of species belonging to the subg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, a series of studies was undertaken to improve the quality of the earlier conclusion regarding the systematic of this genus (e.g., Fosberg 1942;Wilson 1965;Eyde 1987Eyde , 1988Murrell 1993;Takhtajan 1997;Xiang et al 2003;Kubitzki 2004;Xiang and Boufford 2005;Bojňanský and Fargašová 2007;Manchester et al 2010;Schulz 2011Schulz , 2012. Some authors (Eyde 1988;Manchester et al 2010) do have some grounds to think that fossil dogwood fruits, especially those preserved intact in brown coal beds, are taxonomically useful and often can serve to identify the major clades (BW, BB, CC, DD) or a group of species within a particular subgenera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative and qualitative differences in morphological traits of endocarps revealed between Cornus L. species

2014

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The genus Cornus encompasses a wide range of attractive wild taxa, often used as ornamental plants in landscaping. The aim of this investigation was to highlight the quantitative and qualitative diversity within endocarp morphological traits apparent among 15 Cornus species representing different geographical and phylogenetic groups. Seventeen morphological traits of Cornus endocarps were evaluated in 185 Cornus collections originating from the Northern Hemisphere. To explore structure in our dataset and reduce its complexity, several multivariate statistical analyses (i.e., PCA, MANOVA, ANOVA, and analysis of contingency tables) were employed. Two clearly distinct sample groups were observed after the PCA, reflecting a high level of taxonomic division of analyzed species, i.e., subgenera: Mesomora and Kraniopsis. The study highlights qualitative and/or quantitative characters that partitioned (1) groups of species or some individual species, (2) geographical groups, and (3) cultivated and wild collections. Results of trait validation are presented in identification keys. A partial congruence was detected between our results and a currently available species level phylogeny of the genus Cornus. The morphology of Cornus endocarps is of taxonomic importance and provides a key for species identification. The existence of only subtle morphological differences between some closely related taxa does not sufficiently explain their species status. The applicability of our results to the previously published morphological records is limited, mainly due to vague terminology. Considerably more work will need to be done to determine the effect of cultivation on qualitative reproductive traits of Cornus species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative and qualitative differences in morphological traits of endocarps revealed between Cornus L. species

2014

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“…All members of the genus possess tetramerous flowers, a nectariferous disc surrounding the style, a oneseeded, usually bilocular drupe (Murrell 1993). Some researches were conducted in Cornaceae and in some Cornus species concerning flower anatomy, botanical and morphological characteristics (Wilkinson 1944; Eyde 1987;Murrell 1993;Xiang et al 2003;Xiang, Boufford 2005).Structural characteristics of anthers and various kinds of stamen abnormalities of many fruit and plant species were described by the researchers (Westwood, challice 1978;Kaul 1988;Sawhney, Bhadula 1988; chaudhury 1993;Sessions 1997;Lillecrapp et al 1999;Sanders et al 1999;Farbos et al 2001; Aihua et al 2004;Mert, Soylu 2006). Abnormality and/or sterility level of the male and female organs have great importance in fruit set and yield in many fruit species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genus is distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, with centers of diversity in eastern Asia, eastern North America, the Pacific Northwest, and the mountains of central America (Murrell 1993). cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is a widely distributed species endemic in Europe.…”

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confidence: 99%

Variations and abnormalities of stamen morphologies in cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) cultivars

Mert¹,

Soylu²

2009

Hort. Sci. (Prague)

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Stamen morphologies of six cornelian cherry cultivars (Degirmendere, Erkenci Degirmendere, İri Bardak, Yuvarlak Bardak, Uzun Memeli, and Bugur) (Cornus mas L.) were evaluated using scanning electron, light and stereo microscopes. Flowers of cornelian cherry cultivars generally had four stamens, but a few of them had three or five stamens. Abnormal and normal stamens were found together in the cultivars examined. Percentages of abnormal stamens among the cultivars ranged from 12% to 22%. Various types of stamen abnormalities were identified in the cultivars such as variations in filament length, abnormalities in anther structure, fusion of stamen to other floral organs. 109Cornus (commonly known as dogwoods) contains about 45 species of trees, shrubs, and herbs with woody rhizomes. The genus is distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, with centers of diversity in eastern Asia, eastern North America, the Pacific Northwest, and the mountains of central America (Murrell 1993). cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is a widely distributed species endemic in Europe. it grows at altitudes of up to 1,400 m. Bloom time begins early in the spring and an ample amount of pollen is released by the anthers. Fruits are very valuable for fresh consumption and for processing to produce syrups, juices, jams and other traditional products. This species has significant potential for cultivation in monoculture.The species of Cornus are remarkably uniform in floral structures and foliar morphology. All members of the genus possess tetramerous flowers, a nectariferous disc surrounding the style, a oneseeded, usually bilocular drupe (Murrell 1993). Some researches were conducted in Cornaceae and in some Cornus species concerning flower anatomy, botanical and morphological characteristics (Wilkinson 1944; Eyde 1987;Murrell 1993;Xiang et al. 2003;Xiang, Boufford 2005).Structural characteristics of anthers and various kinds of stamen abnormalities of many fruit and plant species were described by the researchers (Westwood, challice 1978;Kaul 1988;Sawhney, Bhadula 1988; chaudhury 1993;Sessions 1997;Lillecrapp et al. 1999;Sanders et al. 1999;Farbos et al. 2001; Aihua et al. 2004;Mert, Soylu 2006). Abnormality and/or sterility level of the male and female organs have great importance in fruit set and yield in many fruit species. The information about the structure of the floral organs of cultivated species should be needed due to this importance. However, we were not able to find any information on stamen morphology and anatomy of cornelian cherry cultivars, which is one of the economically valuable species in turkey. The aim of this study was to determine the stamen morphology, dimensions and anatomical structure of the anthers and pollen production capabilities of some of the cornelian cherry cultivars grown in turkey. MATERIAL AND METHODSStudies were carried out on flowers of six cultivars of cornelian cherry: Degirmendere, Erkenci Degirmendere, İri Bardak, Yuvarlak Bardak, Uzun Memeli, and Bugur. Flower and stamen morphology...

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An updated phylogeny, biogeography, and PhyloCode‐based classification of Cornaceae based on three sets of genomic data

Xiang

Cheng

et al. 2023

American J of Botany

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Premise A major goal of systematic biology is to uncover the evolutionary history of organisms and translate that knowledge into stable classification systems. Here, we integrate three sets of genome‐wide data to resolve phylogenetic relationships in Cornaceae (containing only Cornus s.l.), reconstruct the biogeographic history of the clade, and provide a revised classification using the PhyloCode to stabilize names for this taxonomically controversial group. Methods We conducted phylogenetic analyses using 312 single‐copy nuclear genes and 70 plastid genes from Angiosperms353 Hyb‐Seq, plus numerous loci from RAD‐Seq. We integrated fossils using morphological data and produced a dated phylogeny for biogeographical analysis. Results A well‐resolved, strongly supported, comprehensive phylogeny was obtained. Biogeographic analyses support an origin and rapid diversification of Cornus into four morphologically distinct major clades in the Northern Hemisphere (with an eastern Asian ancestor) during the late Cretaceous. Dispersal into Africa from eastern Asia likely occurred along the Tethys Seaway during the Paleogene, whereas dispersal into South America likely occurred during the Neogene. Diversification within the northern hemisphere likely involved repeated independent colonization of new areas during the Paleogene and Neogene along the Bering Land Bridge, the North Atlantic Land Bridge, and the Tethys Seaway. Thirteen strongly supported clades were named following rules of the PhyloCode. Conclusions Our study provides an example of integrating genomic and morphological data to produce a robust, explicit species phylogeny that includes fossil taxa, which we translate into an updated classification scheme using the PhyloCode to stabilize names.

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Phylogenetic Relationships in Cornus (Cornaceae)

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative and qualitative differences in morphological traits of endocarps revealed between Cornus L. species

Quantitative and qualitative differences in morphological traits of endocarps revealed between Cornus L. species

Variations and abnormalities of stamen morphologies in cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) cultivars

An updated phylogeny, biogeography, and PhyloCode‐based classification of Cornaceae based on three sets of genomic data

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