Phylogenetic relationships and species concepts in Parmelia s. str. (Parmeliaceae) inferred from nuclear ITS rDNA and β-tubulin sequences

Abstract

The phylogenetic relationships of 16 species of Parmelia s. str. are presented based on sequences of nuITS rDNA from 56 specimens, and β-tubulin gene sequences from 29 collections. Parmelia serrana sp. nov. a Mediterranean species morphologically very close to P. saxatilis is described. Parmelia ernstiae is the sister-group to P. saxatilis s. str., and a further undescribed North American species of the P. saxatilis complex may require recognition. The isidiate P. squarrosa is closely allied to the sorediate P. sulcata, which is paraphyletic. Japanese samples of P. cochleata form a monophyletic group but too few collections of these were studied to reach firm conclusions regarding their relationships. An epitype is selected for the lectotype of Lichen saxatilis to unequivocally fix the application of that epithet.

The lichen family Parmeliaceae in Poland. III. Parmelia serrana, new to Poland

“…The species produces atranorin (moderate amounts), salazinic acid (major), consalazinic acid (minor), often protocetraric acid (trace amounts only) and fatty acids: lichesterinic and protolichesterinic acids. The chemistry agrees with that reported by Molina et al [9] and Thell et al [5,11].…”

“…Parmelia serrana is morphologically and chemically very similar to P. saxatilis and apparently for many years considered as a chemical variant of the latter species [1]. However, recent molecular data supported the recognition of P. serrana as a distinct taxon [9]. Both taxa are very similar, but they can be easily separated by their chemistry since P. serrana produces fatty acids instead of lobaric acid, which is present in P. saxatilis.…”

“…However, as it was proved recently, this approach masked the presence of species representing distinct phylogenetic clades with similar or identical morphology and chemistry (so-called cryptic or semi-cryptic species) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The taxonomy of the genus Parmelia appears to be still far from resolved as material from only a few regions has been investigated and the discovery of additional undescribed taxa is expected.…”

“…ex Hale and P. sulcata Taylor [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Two of these, the isidiate P. saxatilis and the sorediate P. sulcata, commonly reported from Poland, were recently shown to represent a group of cryptic or semi-cryptic species [8][9][10][11]19]. Therefore, their previously known distribution and frequency in Poland should be treated rather as potential and are in need of re-evaluation.…”

Ecogeografía del género Sticta (Ascomycota liquenizados: Lobariaceae) en Colombia

“…Estudios filogené-ticos recientes sugieren que el paradigma que muchas especies tienen distribución pantropical (Galloway, 1979;Lücking, 2003;HerreraCampos et al, 2004;Feuerer & Hawksworth, 2007;Aptroot & Iqbal, 2011) es incorrecto y que la mayoría tienen rangos de distribución bien definidos (Molina, Crespo, Blanco, Lumbsch & Hawksworth, 2004;Tehler, Irestedt, Wedin & Ertz, 2010;Del Prado et al, 2006;Moncada, 2012;Moncada, Lücking & Suárez, 2013), aumentando la posibilidad de que especies sean endémicas e incrementando el valor potencial de sus recursos genéticos y bioquímicos. Existen pocos estudios cuantitativos sobre la ecología de líquenes tropicales, y a menudo aplican una taxonomía superficial que no refleja conceptos apropiados que permitan delimitar especies o excluyen grupos taxonómicamente difíciles (Kelly et al, 2004;Holz & Gradstein, 2005;Boonpragop & Polyiam, 2007;Dyer & Letourneau, 2007).…”