Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of growth form in Cactaceae (Caryophyllales, Eudicotyledoneae)

Hernández‐Hernández, Tania; Hernández, Héctor M.; De‐Nova, José Arturo; Puente, Raúl; Eguiarte, Luis E.; Magallón, Susana

doi:10.3732/ajb.1000129

Cited by 184 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…The low ability to seed dispersal could also have increased the level of isolation among populations, allowing the appearance of new species and differentiated lineages. The diversification time estimates that result from the analysis of the microsatellite data indicate a very recent diversification, an expected feature in Cactaceae (Arakaki et al, 2011;Hernández-Hernández et al, 2011). Importantly, these estimates were similar to those obtained from two cpDNA and one nuclear gene (Bonatelli et al, 2014), supporting that the splitting times for the most ancient lineages in the two species took place primarily during the early Pleistocene whereas the derived lineages diversified in a period within the early and middle Pleistocene.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Model-based analysis supports interglacial refugia over long-dispersal events in the diversification of two South American cactus species

et al. 2016

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Pilosocereus machrisii and P. aurisetus are cactus species within the P. aurisetus complex, a group of eight cacti that are restricted to rocky habitats within the Neotropical savannas of eastern South America. Previous studies have suggested that diversification within this complex was driven by distributional fragmentation, isolation leading to allopatric differentiation, and secondary contact among divergent lineages. These events have been associated with Quaternary climatic cycles, leading to the hypothesis that the xerophytic vegetation patches which presently harbor these populations operate as refugia during the current interglacial. However, owing to limitations of the standard phylogeographic approaches used in these studies, this hypothesis was not explicitly tested. Here we use Approximate Bayesian Computation to refine the previous inferences and test the role of different events in the diversification of two species within P. aurisetus group. We used molecular data from chloroplast DNA and simple sequence repeats loci of P. machrisii and P. aurisetus, the two species with broadest distribution in the complex, in order to test if the diversification in each species was driven mostly by vicariance or by long-dispersal events. We found that both species were affected primarily by vicariance, with a refuge model as the most likely scenario for P. aurisetus and a soft vicariance scenario most probable for P. machrisii. These results emphasize the importance of distributional fragmentation in these species, and add support to the hypothesis of long-term isolation in interglacial refugia previously proposed for the P. aurisetus species complex diversification.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Model-based analysis supports interglacial refugia over long-dispersal events in the diversification of two South American cactus species

et al. 2016

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“…Es parte del clado Mammillaria (Mammilloid clade, Butterworth et al, 2002) que incluye a géneros como Escobaria, Neolloydia, Ortegocactus y Pelecyphora (Butterworth y Wallace, 2004;Bárcenas et al, 2011;Hernández-Hernández et al, 2011). En particular, las relaciones entre Escobaria y Coryphantha han sido controversiales, ya que para algunos autores representan un solo género (Zimmerman, 1985), mientras que otros los reconocen como géneros distintos (Bravo-Hollis y Sánchez-Mejorada, 1991;Dicht y Lüthy, 2001;Guzmán et al, 2003;Hunt, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Variación morfológica de Coryphantha (Cactaceae): un enfoque multivariado

2016

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RESUMENCoryphantha tiene entre 43 y 67 especies. Los patrones de variación morfológica del género se han interpretado de distintas formas y han conducido a una taxonomía inestable, de manera que aún no se ha establecido un consenso en la delimitación de las especies. Clasificaciones previas de Coryphantha se han basado en caracteres cualitativos. Para dilucidar y circunscribir especies de Coryphantha se emplearon diferentes técnicas de análisis multivariado. Se muestrearon un total de 1840 individuos, 467 ejemplares en campo y 1373 registros herborizados de 48 taxa del género. Se emplearon 28 caracteres vegetativos y reproductivos de los cuales 17 fueron cuantitativos y 11 cualitativos. El análisis de conglomerados indicó la presencia de dos grandes grupos organizados por la presencia o ausencia de glándulas extraflorales. Los análisis discriminantes para cada subgrupo formado por los análisis de conglomerados permitieron circunscribir con base en variables morfométricas a la mayoría de las especies analizadas. Con base en los caracteres morfológicos y los análisis multivariados se discute el reconocimiento de categorías taxonómicas a nivel de especie o subespecie. Se reconocen 45 especies y tres subespecies.Palabras clave: análisis de conglomerados, análisis discriminante, Cactaceae, Coryphantha, taxonomía. ABSTRACTCoryphantha consists of 43 to 67 species. This genus exhibit patterns of morphological variations that have been understood differently and have led to an unstable

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“…However, some problems limit its use in phylogenetic studies, such as frequent indels, microsatellites, inversions, a high degree of homoplasy, and the presence of inversions in the middle of the sequence, which can lead to incorrect alignments; however, psbA-trnH may still be a successful marker due to its high interspecific variability (Korotkova et al, 2011). Korotkova et al (2011) stated that the psbA-trnH spacer is the most successful individual region for operational taxonomic unit identification at the intraspecific level, and the intergenic spacer trnL-trnF has been the most frequently used locus in phylogenetic studies of the Opuntioideae (Griffith and Porter, 2009;Hernández-Hernández et al, 2011;Majure et al, 2012b). ppc and ycf1 have been sequenced in the Opuntieae tribe, and are moderately informative Majure et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has traditionally been recognized as a monophyletic taxonomic entity (Griffith and Porter, 2009;Hernández-Hernández et al, 2011). It is characterized by a number of synapomorphies: 1) the presence of glochids (small and deciduous barbed spines); 2) woody funicular tissue surrounding the seed (funicular envelope); 3) large numbers of calcium oxalate monohydrate druses and monoclinic cluster crystals in the outer hypodermis of stems; and 4) polyporate pollen grains with peculiar exine structures (Hunt, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous morphological and cytological studies have been conducted on large groups of taxa and species complexes (e.g., Majure et al, 2012a). Griffith and Porter (2009) included 28 species of Opuntia s.s. in their molecular phylogeny of the Opuntioideae, but were unable to resolve relationships within Opuntia s.s. using nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) and the plastid intergenic spacer trnL-F. Hernández-Hernández et al (2011) and Bárcenas et al (2011) studied phylogenetic relationships between South American Opuntia species, but only surveyed seven species and had no resolution between clades, respectively. The most complete phylogeny available for the subfamily Opuntioideae is that of Griffith and Porter (2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic divergence between Mexican Opuntia accessions inferred by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

Samah

Valadez-Moctezuma

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Molecular methods are powerful tools in characterizing and determining relationships between plants. The aim of this study was to study genetic divergence between 103 accessions of Mexican Opuntia. To accomplish this, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of three chloroplast intergenic spacers (atpB-rbcL, trnL-trnF, and psbA-trnH), one chloroplast gene (ycf1), two nuclear genes (ppc and PhyC), and one mitochondrial gene (cox3) was conducted. The amplified products from all the samples had very similar molecular sizes, and there were only very small differences between the undigested PCR amplicons for all regions, with the exception of ppc. We obtained 5850 bp from the seven regions, and 136 fragments were detected with eight enzymes, 37 of which (27.2%) were polymorphic. We found that 40% of the fragments from the chloroplast regions were polymorphic, 9.8% of the bands detected in the nuclear genes were polymorphic, and 20% of the bands in the mitochondrial locus were polymorphic. trnL-trnF and psbA-trnH were the most variable regions. The Nei and Li/Dice distance was very short, and ranged from 0 to 0.12; indeed, 77 of the 103 genotypes had the same genetic profile. All the xoconostle accessions (acidic fruits) were grouped together without being separated from three genotypes of prickly pear (sweet fruits). We assume that the genetic divergence between prickly pears and xoconostles is very low, and question the number of Opuntia species currently considered in Mexico.

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Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of growth form in Cactaceae (Caryophyllales, Eudicotyledoneae)

Cited by 184 publications

References 40 publications

Model-based analysis supports interglacial refugia over long-dispersal events in the diversification of two South American cactus species

Model-based analysis supports interglacial refugia over long-dispersal events in the diversification of two South American cactus species

Variación morfológica de Coryphantha (Cactaceae): un enfoque multivariado

Genetic divergence between Mexican Opuntia accessions inferred by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

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