IntroductionOver recent decades, the selective breeding of goats has given rise to such highly-specialized meat or dairy morphotypes that one single meat or dairy model applies to several breeds of each type and species. However, this high degree of specialization requires intensive rearing conditions. In contrast, breeds currently in danger of extinction are not subjected to this selective pressure, and retain the characteristics adapted to the environment in which they are located.The application of selection programs based on highproductivity criteria for these endangered breeds may seriously impair their ability to graze and to adapt to different environments. The in situ conservation of endangered breeds therefore requires the application of specific selection criteria based on those traits which enhance their adaptation to the farming system in which they are raised, since both environment and production purposes appear to influence breed morphostructure. Rodero et al. (2003) compared the morphostructural features of two Spanish dairy goat breeds with a view to identifying common selection criteria in terms of conformation, and applying valuation morphological lineal (VML), proposing two different models for each. For this purpose, as they commented, it is necessary to include traits of rump, chest and different perimeters.The growth of animals is influenced by environmental conditions such as food availability, climate, and ecological aspects, among others. On the other hand, the aptitude of a breed is closely linked to its origin, history and evolution in the environment where it was raised.In a previous study to identify native goat breeds in Jordan using morphostructural variables, Zaitoun et al. (2005) found that breeds tended to cluster as a function of purpose and farming system: dual-purpose breeds raised intensively were close to each other but distant from meat breeds raised under wholly-extensive farming systems.Morphostructural differences by location of herd have also been reported by Macciota et al. (2002) in the Sarda goat breed. Goats in coastal areas (i.e. 71.7 ± 2.9 cm of height at withers) displayed greater morphostructural measurements than those raised in Influence of farming system and production purpose on the morphostructure of Spanish goat breeds
AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the possible influence of farming systems, based on the morphostructure of 1,571 female goats drawn from 40 flocks containing seven Spanish breeds (Blanca Andaluza, Blanca Celtiberica, Negra Serrana, Pirenaica, Payoya, Murciano-Granadina and Malagueña) raised under four different farming systems. Analysis of morphometric variables showed that the morphostructure of native Spanish goat breeds was linked to the farming system used and thus to the production purpose. The morphostructure of grazing breeds may be more influenced by natural selection within the physical environment and less by human selection. That of stall-fed breeds, by contrast, reflects intense artificial selection aimed at achi...