Phylogenetic relationships among Poaceae and related families as inferred from morphology, inversions in the plastid genome, and sequence data from the mitochondrial and plastid genomes

Abstract

A phylogenetic analysis of the Poales was conducted to assess relationships among Poaceae and allied families. The analysis included 40 taxa, representing all families of the Poales as circumscribed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG), plus five of the six unplaced Commelinid families in the APG system. The data matrix included 98 informative characters representing variation in morphology and chloroplast genome structure (including three inversions in the chloroplast genome), and 563 informative characters derived from rbcL and atpA nucleotide sequences. Ecdeiocolea has the 6-kilobase (kb) chloroplast genome inversion previously reported in Joinvillea and Poaceae, and like Joinvillea it lacks the trnT inversion that occurs in grasses. Analysis of the morphological data places Poaceae in an unresolved relationship relative to several other taxa, including Joinvillea and Ecdeiocolea, while analysis of the molecular and combined data resolves Ecdeiocolea as sister of Poaceae, with Joinvillea the sister of this group. Although the 6-kb and trnT inversions are non-homoplasious in the phylogenies obtained in this study, the 28-kb inversion is optimized as having originated twice (once in Restionaceae and another time in the most recent common ancestor of Ecdeiocolea, Joinvillea, and the grasses); an alternative interpretation is that it arose once and was later lost in Anarthria. Ecdeiocolea shares with Poaceae the presence of operculate, annulate pollen that lacks scrobiculi, and a dry, indehiscent fruit.

Microsporogenesis and anther development in Bromeliaceae

“…Horres et al 2000, Givnish et al 2003). The family is currently placed as a member of the recircumscribed order Poales, based on recent molecular phylogenetic analyses (Givnish et al 1999, Chase et al 2000, Michelangeli et al 2003. Relationships within Poales remain controversial, although Bromeliaceae are now normally regarded as among the basal members of the order, probably closely related to families such as Typhaceae (Typha and Sparganium) and Rapateaceae.…”

Repeated evolution of net venation and fleshy fruits among monocots in shaded habitats confirms a priori predictions: evidence from an ndhF phylogeny

“…Within the angiosperms, higher-level relationships are today perhaps best understood in the monocotyledons (Chase et al 2000(Chase et al , 2005Michelangeli et al 2003;Davis et al 2004;Graham et al 2005). Monocotswith approximately 60 000 species, 92 families and 12 orders-are by far the most species-rich, morphologically diverse and ecologically successful of the earlydivergent 1 clades of angiosperms, from which-based on molecular data (Bremer 2000)-they appear to have diverged more than 160 Myr ago.…”

Revisiting Mayacaceae Kunth towards to future perspectives in the family

“…However, there is no consensus about which of them is sister-group to Mayacaceae (Givinish et al 1999;Chase et al 2000;Stevenson et al 2000;Michelangeli et al 2003;Jansen & Bremer 2004;Linder & Rudall 2005;Givnish et al 2010;Bouchenak-Khelladi et al 2014). According to some authors, this may be due to the nature of the molecular analysis performed (Givinish et al 1999;Chase et al 2000;Stevenson et al 2000;Michelangeli et al 2003;Jansen & Bremer 2004;Linder & Rudall 2005;Givnish et al 2010;Bouchenak-Khelladi et al 2014).…”

“…Nowadays, the family is placed within 17 other families in the order Poales (APG III 2009) and supported by molecular (Givinish et al 1999;Chase et al 2000;Stevenson et al 2000;Michelangeli et al 2003;Jansen & Bremer 2004;Linder & Rudall 2005;Givnish et al 2010;Bouchenak-Khelladi et al 2014), and morphological studies (Dahlgren & Clifford 1982;Venturelli & Bouman 1986;Stevenson 1998; Furness & Rudall 1998;1999;Rudall & Sajo 1999;Carvalho 2009;Oriani & Scatena 2012. However, there is no consensus about which of them is sister-group to Mayacaceae (Givinish et al 1999;Chase et al 2000;Stevenson et al 2000;Michelangeli et al 2003;Jansen & Bremer 2004;Linder & Rudall 2005;Givnish et al 2010;Bouchenak-Khelladi et al 2014).…”

“…Recently, Mayacaceae is recognized as a distinct and unique family in Poales (APG III 2009) and relationships among this family and its possible sister-groups remain unclear (Givinish et al 1999;Chase et al 2000;Stevenson et al 2000;Michelangeli et al 2003;Jansen & Bremer 2004;Linder & Rudall 2005;Givnish et al 2010;Bouchenak-Khelladi et al 2014).…”