Phylogenetic relationships among plant and animal parasites, and saprotrophs in Aphanomyces (Oomycetes)

Diéguez-Uribeondo, Javier; García, Miguel Ángel; Cerenius, Lage; Kozubíková, Eva; Ballesteros, Isabel; Windels, Carol E.; Weiland, John J.; Kator, Howard; Söderhäll, Kenneth; Martín, María P.

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2009.02.004

Cited by 115 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…FM955258; Kozubíková et al 2009). ITS sequences were also available for 14 samples that were confirmed in that way to contain Aphanomyces astaci DNA (Diéguez-Uribeondo et al 2009). All these sequences (including those submitted to GenBank under acc.…”

Section: Dna Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, Oidtmann et al (2006) recommended the single-round PCR (not sensitive to the above-mentioned species) combined with sequencing for confirmation of A. astaci detection (OIE 2010). The product of the single-round PCR is suitable for distinguishing A. astaci from other oomycetes, as the sequence of the resulting ITS fragment is nearly invariable in all known A. astaci strains, but clearly different even from the most related known species (Diéguez-Uribeondo et al 2009, Takuma et al 2010, Makkonen et al 2011. Sequencing of PCR products after single-round PCR has so far resulted in only one discovery of a false positive result (Diéguez-Uribeondo et al 2009), demonstrating the amplification of DNA from an hitherto unknown Aphanomyces lineage closely related to A. astaci (GenBank acc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Re-examination of the prevalence of Aphanomyces astaci in North American crayfish populations in Central Europe by TaqMan MGB real-time PCR

Kozubíková

Vrålstad²,

Filipová³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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We applied quantitative TaqMan minor groove binder real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on DNA isolates from soft abdominal cuticle of 460 North American crayfish Orconectes limosus and Pacifastacus leniusculus, previously tested for Aphanomyces astaci presence by conventional semi-nested PCR. Both approaches target the internal transcribed spacers of the pathogen nuclear ribosomal DNA, but apply different specific sequence motifs and technologies. The real-time PCR approach seems to provide higher sensitivity; the number of crayfish that tested positive increased from 23 to 32%, and 10 additional crayfish populations were indicated as hosting the disease agent. However, the vast majority of newly recorded positives contained very low agent levels, from 5 to 50 PCR-forming units. An isolate producing a false positive result by the semi-nested PCR (apparently undescribed Aphanomyces related to A. astaci) remained negative using the real-time PCR. The present study shows that previous results based on the seminested PCR were not substantially influenced by false positives but might have suffered from some false negatives at low agent levels. Combining alternative methods may therefore provide more reliable conclusions on the pathogen's presence. Further, we found positive correlation between the prevalence of infection carriers in American crayfish populations and the average amounts of A. astaci DNA detected in infected local crayfish individuals.

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Section: Dna Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-examination of the prevalence of Aphanomyces astaci in North American crayfish populations in Central Europe by TaqMan MGB real-time PCR

Kozubíková

Vrålstad²,

Filipová³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Aphanomyces astaci, a fungus-like pathogen that belongs to the class of Oomycetes, as far as known only infects crayfish (Unestam 1972, Oidtmann et al 2002, Diéguez-Uribeondo et al 2009, Makkonen 2013. During the acute stage of the disease, paralysis of the abdomen is often the only visible symptom, which occurs one to two days prior to death (Unestam & Weiss 1970, Makkonen 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Resistance to the Invasive Crayfish Plague and Immune Defence in the Native Noble Crayfish

Gruber¹,

Kortet²,

Vainikka³

et al. 2014

Annales Zoologici Fennici

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Emerging diseases, such as the crayfish plague, are a worldwide problem with serious ecological and economic impacts. Under the framework of ecological immunology, we investigated whether variation in crayfish plague resistance, the indicators of immune defence (encapsulation response, phenoloxidase and lytic activity), and the exploration behaviour among four subpopulations of noble crayfish is explained by potential local adaptation through differences in crayfish plague history, or alternatively by geographical divergence in a large watershed. We examined whether the strength of immune defence is associated with survival and exploration behaviour. Survival time after experimental crayfish plague infection and phenoloxidase activity differed among the subpopulations of the watershed but did not reveal local adaptation to the disease. Increased investment in immune defence (i.e. encapsulation response) compromised survival time after infection, suggesting the self-reactivity costs of mounting a strong immune response. Exploration behaviour was negatively associated with phenoloxidase activity before and after immune challenge. IntroductionEvolving and maintaining parasite resistance and variation in immune defence are essential for host population persistence, since parasites and pathogens can reduce host growth, reproductive success and survival prospects (Goater & Holmes 1997, Zuk & Stoehr 2002). Due to a long co-evolutionary history, parasites often show low virulence and host populations high levels of resistance (see Schmid-Hempel 2011). In contrast to local, familiar parasites, nonnative parasites are often highly virulent, causing heavy host mortality and population crashes, as observed in fish and crayfish (Bakke & Harris 1998, Bangyeekhun 2002, Edgerton et al. 2004). The evolvability of resistance or tolerance is a key mechanism for understanding and forecasting the dynamics of host populations in response to emerging diseases caused by non-native parasites and pathogens. Host genetic diversity in immune defence can play an important role in evolving resistance in a population (Altizer et al. 2003). The evolution of resistance should be favoured when parasites and pathogens pose a strong selection pressure on hosts but is only possible when some of the hosts survive and remain able to reproduce (Duncan & Little 2007, Duffy & Forde 2009. Recent studies have shown that disease resistance against pathogens in Drosophila melanogaster can evolve in less than ten generations under laboratory conditions (Ye et al. 2009), and natural populations of Daphnia magna planktonic crustaceans are able to evolve immune defence in less than a decade (Pauwels et al. 2010). Whether hosts in the wild can evolve fast enough in response to emerging diseases is still uncertain. Emerging diseases resulting from the introduction of non-native parasites and pathogens are often well documented and offer the opportunity to investigate evolutionary processes, such as the evolving resistance and immune defences of the new host in th...

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“…In susceptible species, the infection can cause the extinction of entire populations. The pathogenic agent is a fungus-like microorganism belonging to the class Oomycota which includes among others pathogens of crustaceans, fish and plants (Diéguez-Uribeondo et al 2009). All European crayfish species are highly susceptible to crayfish plague: the noble crayfish Astacus astacus, the Turkish crayfish Astacus leptodactylus, the stone crayfish Austropotamobius torrentium and the white clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes, which is the most commonly found native crayfish species in Italy (Gherardi 1999, Trontelj et al 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmation of crayfish plague in Italy: detection of Aphanomyces astaci in white clawed crayfish

Cammà¹,

Ferri²,

Zezza³

et al. 2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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In the summer of 2009, high levels of mortality among white clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes were observed in 3 watercourses of central Italy. PCR and culture methods were used to detect the causative agent of the disease. Two strains of Aphanomyces spp. were isolated and identified by PCR and DNA sequencing as Aphanomyces astaci and A. repetans. This is the first crayfish plague outbreak in Italy to be confirmed by the isolation in culture of a pathogen from Austropotamobius pallipes.

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Phylogenetic relationships among plant and animal parasites, and saprotrophs in Aphanomyces (Oomycetes)

Cited by 115 publications

References 65 publications

Re-examination of the prevalence of Aphanomyces astaci in North American crayfish populations in Central Europe by TaqMan MGB real-time PCR

Re-examination of the prevalence of Aphanomyces astaci in North American crayfish populations in Central Europe by TaqMan MGB real-time PCR

Variation in Resistance to the Invasive Crayfish Plague and Immune Defence in the Native Noble Crayfish

Confirmation of crayfish plague in Italy: detection of Aphanomyces astaci in white clawed crayfish

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