Phylogenetic relationships among arecoid palms (Arecaceae: Arecoideae)

Baker, William J.; Norup, Maria Vibe; Clarkson, James J.; Couvreur, Thomas L. P.; Dowe, John Leslie; Lewis, Carl E.; Pintaud, Jean‐Christophe; Savolainen, Vincent; Wilmot, Tomas; Chase, Mark W.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcr020

Cited by 96 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Es importante destacar la presencia stegmata rodeando al tejido fundamental esclerificado que bordea al tejido vascular, que no ha sido reportado para la tribu Euterpeae, sino para la Areceae (Tomlinson et al 2011). Este carácter podría apoyar la afinidad entre las dos tribus, que a pesar de ser grupos molecularmente distintos, ha sido difícil separarlos desde el punto de vista morfológico (Baker et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Variaciones anatómicas en las raíces aéreas cortas de Oenocarpus bataua (Arecaceae)

Orozco

2016

Rodriguésia

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ResumenSe describe la anatomía de las raíces aéreas cortas de Oenocarpus bataua que surgen desde la base del tallo hasta aproximadamente 80 cm por encima del nivel del suelo, comparando esta estructura entre especímenes a diferentes distancias de sus ápices y entre las raíces de primer y segundo orden. Las muestras fueron colectadas en Zamora Chinchipe (Ecuador). Se obtuvieron secciones transversales, longitudinales y macerados utilizando técnicas clásicas. Las raíces estudiadas no contienen tejido meristemático en el ápice. Las principales variaciones entre individuos son la presencia de elementos traqueales medulares aislados y endodermis profundamente lobulada en las raíces de primer orden más gruesas. Otras diferencias se encontraron en la exodermis y la corteza externa entre individuos, en términos de ausencia, presencia o variaciones en el número de capas celulares y engrosamiento de paredes, mientras que la estructura de la corteza interna se observó más constante. A distintos niveles desde el ápice, las raíces de primer orden muestran esclerificación centrífuga del tejido fundamental que rodea al tejido vascular. Las raíces de segundo orden tienen una anatomía más simple y menos variable. Palabras clave: Arecoideae, estructura vegetativa, histología, palma. AbstractThe anatomy of aerial short roots of Oenocarpus bataua that arise from the stem base up to approximately 80 cm from above ground level is described, comparing this structure between individuals at different distances from the apex and between primary and secondary roots. Samples were collected in Zamora Chinchipe (Ecuador). Transverse, longitudinal sections and macerates were made using classic techniques. The studied roots lacked apical meristematic tissue. Principal variations between individuals are the presence of medullar isolated tracheary elements and deep lobulated endodermis in thicker primary roots. Another differences between individuals are found in the exodermis and outer cortex in terms of absence, presence or variation on the number of cell layers and wall thickening, while the structure of the inner cortex showed more constancy. At different levels from the apex, primary roots show centrifugal sclerification of the fundamental tissue bordering the vascular tissue. Secondary roots have a simpler and less variable anatomy.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Variaciones anatómicas en las raíces aéreas cortas de Oenocarpus bataua (Arecaceae)

Orozco

2016

Rodriguésia

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“…The occurrence of triads (a cincinnus of two staminate flowers and one pistillate flower) is a typical characteristic of the subfamily Arecoideae (Uhl 1966(Uhl , 1976Uhl and Dransfield 1987;Dransfield et al 2008;Perera et al 2010;Baker et al 2011) and appears consistent among monoecious species of the tribe Cocoseae (Moore and Uhl 1982), although dyads may result from the abortion of pistillate flowers (Moore and Uhl 1982;Perera et al 2010). The presence of polyads, additional whorls in the triad staminate flowers, and staminate flowers with well-developed infertile carpels, are primarily reported for Cocoseae, and these traits demonstrate the high phenotypic plasticity of those species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral structure in Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae): evolutionary and ecological aspects

Mazzottini-dos-Santos

Ribeiro

Mercadante-Simões

et al. 2014

Plant Syst Evol

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Acrocomia aculeata is an oleaginous palm widely distributed through the tropical and subtropical Americas that shows significant potential for agroindustrial use. Studies of floral structures can contribute to our knowledge of the evolutionary diversification of this genus and ecological aspects of its species as well as assist management and domestication programs. With the objective of characterizing the morphoanatomy of the flowers of A. aculeata, 20 inflorescences were collected in each of three natural populations growing in the northern region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Flowers at anthesis were evaluated biometrically and using standard plant anatomical procedures, and observed under light and scanning electron microscopy. The flowers showed wide biometric variability that was influenced by the collection area, the individuals examined, and the positions of the flowers on the inflorescence. Staminate flowers can have two whorls of petals, small anthers, and vestigial structures, with the development of an infertile carpel and rudimentary ovules. Defenses against herbivory include the presence of raphides in the anthers and pistillate flowers, fiber bundles, stegmata, and idioblasts containing phenols and raphides. Pollinators are attracted by the liberation of intense odors produced by osmophores located in the corolla, with pollen being the principal resource offered. Phenotypic plasticity, the structures involved in defending against herbivores and attracting pollinators, the numbers of flowers, and flowering synchrony contribute to the reproductive success of this species. The short period during which the stigmas remain receptive determines synchronous fertilization within the inflorescence.

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“…The incongruence length difference test (Farris et al, 1995) was not used in this study to assess incongruity between the separate data sets, because the results of this overly sensitive test have repeatedly been shown to be misleading (Baker et al, 2011;Schneider et al, 2009, and references therein). We used a conservative bootstrap support (BS) of more than 85% (Baker et al, 2011;Wiens, 1998) as threshold for identification of significant incongruent positions. Due to only a weak conflict between both data sets, they were combined in a concatenated data matrix that was analyzed additionally.…”

Section: Laboratory Methods and Dna Sequence Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High mountain origin, phylogenetics, evolution, and niche conservatism of arctic lineages in the hemiparasitic genus Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae)

Tkach

Ree

Kuss³

et al. 2014

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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The origin of the arctic flora covering the northernmost treeless areas is still poorly understood. Arctic plants may have evolved in situ or immigrated from the adjacent ecosystems. Frequently arctic species have disjunctive distributions between the Arctic and high mountain systems of the temperate zone. This pattern may result from long distance dispersal or from glacial plant migrations and extinctions of intermediate populations. The hemiparasitic genus Pedicularis is represented in the Arctic by c. 28 taxa and ranks among the six most species-rich vascular plant genera of this region. In this study, we test the hypothesis that these lineages evolved from predecessors occurring in northern temperate mountain ranges, many of which are current centers of diversity for the genus. We generated a nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast DNA phylogeny including almost all of the arctic taxa and nearly half of the genus as a whole. The arctic taxa of Pedicularis evolved 12-14 times independently and are mostly nested in lineages that otherwise occur in the high mountains of Eurasia and North America. It appears that only three arctic lineages arose from the present-day center of diversity of the genus, in the Hengduan Mountains and Himalayas. Two lineages are probably of lowland origin. Arctic taxa of Pedicularis show considerable niche conservatism with respect to soil moisture and grow predominantly in moist to wet soils. The studied characteristics of ecology, morphology, and chromosome numbers of arctic Pedicularis show a heterogeneous pattern of evolution. The directions of morphological changes among the arctic lineages show opposing trends. Arctic taxa are chiefly diploid, the few tetraploid chromosome numbers of the genus were recorded only for arctic taxa. Five arctic Pedicularis are annuals or biennials, life forms otherwise rare in the Arctic. Other genera of the Orobanchaceae consist also of an elevated number of short-lived species, thus hemiparasitism may favor this life form in the Arctic. a b s t r a c tThe origin of the arctic flora covering the northernmost treeless areas is still poorly understood. Arctic plants may have evolved in situ or immigrated from the adjacent ecosystems. Frequently arctic species have disjunctive distributions between the Arctic and high mountain systems of the temperate zone. This pattern may result from long distance dispersal or from glacial plant migrations and extinctions of intermediate populations. The hemiparasitic genus Pedicularis is represented in the Arctic by c. 28 taxa and ranks among the six most species-rich vascular plant genera of this region. In this study, we test the hypothesis that these lineages evolved from predecessors occurring in northern temperate mountain ranges, many of which are current centers of diversity for the genus. We generated a nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast DNA phylogeny including almost all of the arctic taxa and nearly half of the genus as a whole. The arctic taxa of Pedicularis evolved 12-14 times independently and are ...

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Phylogenetic relationships among arecoid palms (Arecaceae: Arecoideae)

Cited by 96 publications

References 55 publications

Variaciones anatómicas en las raíces aéreas cortas de Oenocarpus bataua (Arecaceae)

Variaciones anatómicas en las raíces aéreas cortas de Oenocarpus bataua (Arecaceae)

Floral structure in Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae): evolutionary and ecological aspects

High mountain origin, phylogenetics, evolution, and niche conservatism of arctic lineages in the hemiparasitic genus Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae)

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