Phylogenetic Relationships among and within Select Avian Orders Based on Mitochondrial DNA

Mindell, David P.; Sorenson, Michael D.; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Miranda, Hector C.; Knight, Alec; Sawchuk, Steven J.; Yuri, Tamaki

doi:10.1016/b978-012498315-1/50014-5

Cited by 168 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In our study, plasma from the Accipitridae had ChE activity three times higher in the honey buzzard than in the buzzard, although body mass and AChE: BChE ratios were similar. The Pernis genus is recognized as an ancestral group of the Accipitridae, which is phylogenetically distant from the genus Buteo (buzzard) (Seibold and Helbig, 1995;Wink et al, 1996;Mindell et al, 1997). Fossi et al (1996) also found a negative relationship with body size for plasma CbE and brain ChE activities in seven different species of birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma B-Esterase Activities in European Raptors

Roy

Grolleau

Chamoulaud

et al. 2005

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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B-esterases are serine hydrolases composed of cholinesterases, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and carboxylesterase (CbE). These esterases, found in blood plasma, are inhibited by organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) insecticides and can be used as nondestructive biomarkers of exposure to anticholinesterase insecticides. Furthermore, B-esterases are involved in detoxification of these insecticides. In order to establish the level of these enzymes and to have reference values for their normal activities, total plasma cholinesterase (ChE), AChE and BChE activities, and plasma CbE activity were determined in 729 European raptors representing 20 species, four families, and two orders. The diurnal families of the Falconiforme order were represented by Accipitridae and Falconidae and the nocturnal families of the Strigiforme order by Tytonidae and Strigidae. Intraspecies differences in cholinesterase activities according to sex and/or age were investigated in buzzards (Buteo buteo), sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus), kestrels (Falco tinnunculus), barn owls (Tyto alba), and tawny owls (Strix aluco). Sex-related differences affecting ChE and AChE activities were observed in young kestrels (2-3-mo-old) and age-related differences in kestrels (ChE and AChE), sparrowhawks (AChE), and tawny owls (ChE, AChE, and BChE). The interspecies analysis yielded a negative correlation between ChE activity and body mass taking into account the relative contribution of AChE and BChE to ChE activity, with the exception of the honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus). The lowest ChE activities were found in the two largest species, Bonelli's eagle (Hieraaëtus fasciatus) and Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) belonging to the Accipitridae family. The highest ChE activities were found in the relatively small species belonging to the Tytonidae and Strigidae families and in honey buzzard of the Accipitridae family. Species of the Accipitridae, Tytonidae, and Strigidae families were characterized by a BChE contribution that dominated the total ChE activity, while in the species of the Falconidae family, AChE activity dominated. With the exception of the barn owl, CbE activity (eserine-insensitive ␣-naphthyl acetate esterase [␣-⌵〈⌭] activity) in all species was almost absent or very low. The values obtained in this study for ChE, AChE, and BChE activities and the AChE:BChE ratios for buzzard, kestrel, barn owl, and tawny owl provide a good estimate of the normal values in free-living individuals of these European species. They can be used as a baseline to evaluate the effect of anticholinesterase insecticides in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma B-Esterase Activities in European Raptors

Roy

Grolleau

Chamoulaud

et al. 2005

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…After the plumage is removed, the birds are taxonomically quite similar. Yet the study based on morphology (45,46), DNA-DNA hybridization (27,29), nuclear͞mitochondrial DNA sequences (47)(48)(49)(50)(51), and protein sequences (52) mostly agree that modern birds (Neornithes) are monophylic and had been divided into three large taxa, (i) Ratitae (traditionally called Palaeognathae), (ii) Galloanserae, and (iii) non-Ratitae͞Galloanserae (sometimes called Neoaves § ), at the earlier stage of modern birds history. The divergence dates are supposed to be in the Cretaceous (Ϸ100 mya) according to molecular clock interpretations (53)(54)(55), or soon after the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event (65 mya) estimated by limited fossil records (56,57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic expression of Galα1-4Gal on avian glycoproteins: Glycan differentiation inscribed in the early history of modern birds

Suzuki

Laskowski

Lee

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Glycoproteins containing Gal␣1-4Gal (galabiose) had been rarely found in vertebrates, except in a few species of birds and amphibians. We had previously reported that pigeon (Columba livia) egg white and serum glycoproteins are rich in N-glycans with Gal␣1-4Gal at nonreducing termini. To investigate the origin of Gal␣1-4Gal expression in avian evolution, we examined the presence of Gal␣1-4Gal glycoproteins in egg whites from 20 orders, 88 families, 163 genera, and 181 species of birds, as probed by Western blot with Griffonia simplicifolia-I lectin (terminal ␣-Gal͞GalNAc-specific) and anti-P1 mAb (Gal␣1-4Gal␤1-4GlcNAc␤1-specific). One of the significant observations is the total absence of Gal␣1-4Gal glycoproteins in Struthioniformes (four species), Tinamiformes (three species), Craciformes (two species), Galliformes (14 species), and Anseriformes (10 species), which are phylogenetically separated from other orders at earlier stage of modern bird diversification (100 -65 million years ago). The presence or absence of Gal␣1-4Gal glycoproteins in other avian orders varied by the species (104 species positive, and 44 species negative), even though some of them belong to the same order or family. Our results revealed that the expression of Gal␣1-4Gal glycoproteins is not rare among avians, and is correlated with the phylogeny. The expression was most likely differentiated at earlier stage of diversification in modern birds, but some birds might have lost the facility for the expression relatively recently.

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“…Kemp and Crowe 1990;Griffiths 1994;Seibold and Helbig 1995;Mindell et al 1997). Monophyly of a clade including these taxa is, however, only weakly supported and especially inclusion of Cathartidae and Sagittariidae into the "Falconiformes" was repeatedly doubted; it is further controversial whether, owls (Strigiformes) are more closely related to diurnal raptors or to part of the "higher land bird assemblage" (Cracraft 1981;Sibley and Ahlquist 1990;Griffiths 1994;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new raptorial bird from the Middle Eocene of Messel, Germany

Mayr

2006

Historical Biology

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Raptorial birds ("Falconiformes") are very rare in the Middle Eocene fossil site Messel in Germany. In this study, a new taxon, Masillaraptor parvunguis gen. et sp. nov., is described that, as indicated by its long legs, appears to have been a fairly terrestrial bird, with rather weak claws and a beak without a strongly hooked tip. Phylogenetic assignment of M. parvunguis is, however, aggravated by the uncertainty concerning monophyly of, and relationships within, extant "Falconiformes". Therefore, three different published phylogenies of the extant taxa are used as "backbone" phylogenies to determine the relationships of the new taxon by minimising the amount of homoplasy in the phylogenetically informative characters visible in the two known specimens. Abbreviation of the middle phalanges of the fourth toe suggests that M. parvunguis is more closely related to a clade including Sagittariidae (secretary bird) and Accipitridae (hawks) than to the Cathartidae (New World vultures). As in Accipitridae and Falconidae, the first phalanx of the second toe is further shortened, but the exact position of M. parvunguis is dependent on the still controversial relationships between the extant taxa.

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Phylogenetic Relationships among and within Select Avian Orders Based on Mitochondrial DNA

Cited by 168 publications

References 67 publications

Plasma B-Esterase Activities in European Raptors

Plasma B-Esterase Activities in European Raptors

Phylogenetic expression of Galα1-4Gal on avian glycoproteins: Glycan differentiation inscribed in the early history of modern birds

A new raptorial bird from the Middle Eocene of Messel, Germany

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