Phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus <i>Tephrocactus</i> (Cactaceae) based on molecular, morphological, and cytogenetical data

Peñas, M. Laura Las; Kiesling, Roberto; Bernardello, Gabriel

doi:10.1002/tax.12092

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Tephrocacteae is a South American clade adapted to diverse climatic conditions over a wide area of the southern Andes and adjacent lowlands (Ritz et al, 2012;Guerrero et al, 2019;Las Peñas et al, 2019). The tribe includes morphologically diverse species from geophytes and cushion-plants to dwarf shrubs, shrubs or small trees (Anderson, 2001); and probably geophytes and cushion-forming species evolved several times from shrubbylike precursors (Ritz et al, 2012).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Relationship Of Opuntioideae Tribesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into Chloroplast Genome Evolution Across Opuntioideae (Cactaceae) Reveals Robust Yet Sometimes Conflicting Phylogenetic Topologies

et al. 2020

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Plastome Evolution in Opuntioideae (Cactaceae) with primers designed for continued evolutionary studies across Cactaceae. These results bring new insights into the evolution of plastomes in cacti, suggesting that further analyses should be carried out to address how ecological drivers, physiological constraints and morphological traits of cacti may be related with the common rearrangements in plastomes that have been reported across the family.

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Section: Phylogenetic Relationship Of Opuntioideae Tribesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into Chloroplast Genome Evolution Across Opuntioideae (Cactaceae) Reveals Robust Yet Sometimes Conflicting Phylogenetic Topologies

et al. 2020

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“…Tephrocacteae is a South American clade adapted to diverse climatic conditions over a wide area of the southern Andes and adjacent lowlands (Ritz et al 2012;Guerrero et al 2018;Las Peñas et al 2019). The tribe includes morphologically diverse species from geophytes and cushion-plants to dwarf shrubs, shrubs or small trees (Anderson 2001); and probably geophytes and cushion-forming species evolved several times from shrubby-like precursors (Ritz et al 2012).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Relationship Of Opuntioideae Tribesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into chloroplast genome variation across Opuntioideae (Cactaceae)

Köhler

Reginato

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Chloroplast genomes (plastomes) are frequently treated as highly conserved among land plants. However, many lineages of vascular plants have experienced extensive structural rearrangements, including inversions and modifications to the size and content of genes. Cacti are one of these lineages, containing the smallest plastome known for an obligately photosynthetic angiosperm, including the loss of one copy of the inverted repeat (~25 kb) and the ndh genes suite, but only a few cacti from the subfamily Cactoideae have been sufficiently characterized. Here, we investigated the variation of plastome sequences across the second-major lineage of the Cactaceae, the subfamily Opuntioideae, to address 1) how variable is the content and arrangement of chloroplast genome sequences across the subfamily, and 2) how phylogenetically informative are the plastome sequences for resolving major relationships among the clades of Opuntioideae. Our de novo assembly of the Opuntia quimilo plastome recovered an organelle of 150,347 bp in length with both copies of the inverted repeats and the presence of all the ndh genes suite. An expansion of the large single copy unit and a reduction of the small single copy was observed, including translocations and inversion of genes as well as the putative pseudogenization of numerous loci. Comparative analyses among all clades within Opuntioideae suggested that plastome structure and content vary across taxa of this subfamily, with putative independent losses of the ndh gene suite and pseudogenization of genes across disparate lineages, further demonstrating the dynamic nature of plastomes in Cactaceae. Our plastome dataset was robust in determining relationships among major clades and subclades within Opuntioideae, resolving three tribes with high support: Cylindropuntieae, Tephrocacteae and Opuntieae. A plastome-wide survey for highly informative phylogenetic markers revealed previously unused regions for future use in Sanger-based studies, presenting a valuable dataset with primers designed for continued evolutionary studies across Cactaceae. These results bring new insights into the evolution of plastomes in cacti, suggesting that further analyses should be carried out to address how ecological drivers, physiological constraints and morphological traits of cacti may be related with the common rearrangements in plastomes that have been reported across the family.

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“…Cytological data contribute to clarifying the origin, speciation and the phylogenetic relationships of flowering plants (e.g., Weiss‐Schneeweiss & Schneeweiss, 2013; Chiarini & al., 2018; Tapia‐Pastrana & al., 2020), including Cactaceae (e.g., Majure & al., 2012; Moreno & al., 2015a; Las Peñas & al., 2019). Cacti are highly conservative in some chromosomal characteristics, such as the basic number ( x = 11) and highly symmetrical karyotypes (e.g., Ross, 1981; Pinkava & Parfitt, 1982; Cota & Wallace, 1995; Bandyopadhyay & Sharma, 2000; Las Peñas & al., 2008; Moreno & al., 2015a,b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the cacti, polyploidy is especially prevalent in the subfamily Opuntioideae, in which ca. 65% of the taxa chromosomically analysed are polyploid (e.g., Pinkava, 2002; Majure & al., 2012; Las Peñas & al., 2017, 2019). The ploidy level variation within and between taxa is of principal importance for understanding the evolutionary pathways (Kolář & al., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was proposed that when the production of unreduced gametes is increased in natural populations during times of environmental instability, more polyploids may form in temperate or arctic regions, and at higher altitudes, because there is a greater opportunity for individuals to experience cold shock or warmth during their reproductive seasons (Mable, 2004; Comai, 2005; Lampert & al., 2007). Since Pterocactus has the southernmost distribution in the Opuntioideae and its species grow in fairly harsh habitats, i.e., salty, cold, arid, high altitude (Kiesling, 1982; Gorelick, 2013), this hypothesis supports the significant role of polyploidy in its speciation, as also proposed in the phylogenetically related genus Tephrocactus (Las Peñas & al., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Divergence time estimation and mapping of morphological and cytogenetical data in the southern South American geophyte genus Pterocactus (Cactaceae)

Peñas

Bernardello

2021

TAXON

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Pterocactus has 10 species endemic to restricted areas of the Argentine Monte and Patagonia regions, also growing in neighbouring Chile. We analysed phylogenetic relationships between its species, based on plastid DNA sequences (psbA‐trnH, rpl16, trnH‐matK), exomorphological features (spine type and size, stem segment form, flower position, epidermis colour, areole pubescence, stem surface) and cytogenetical traits (genome size, somatic chromosome number). Traits were mapped using character mapping and ancestral state reconstruction to understand the dynamics of evolutionary changes. Pterocactus was monophyletic. Two lineages were recovered: clade A (with P. fischeri diverging early and P. reticulatus, P. valentinii, P. megliolii, P. gonjianii, and both P. tuberosus forms) and clade B (with P. neuquensis diverging first and P. araucanus and P. hickenii). Both samples examined of P. australis were paraphyletic. It was estimated that Pterocactus split from its sister group at 9.38 mya. The crown group age was estimated to be 7.69 myr. Species showed x = 11 with different ploidy levels (2n = 22, 44, 99, ca. 110, and 154); only P. tuberosus f. tuberosus was diploid. The numbers were typical of each taxon studied, and polyploidy was important in its diversification. Two 18S‐5.8S‐26S sites were detected regardless of the ploidy level, except P. fischeri with four sites and 2n = ca. 110. The number of 5S sites was 2 in P. gonjianii and the diploid P. tuberosus f. tuberosus, 4 in the tetraploid P. tuberosus f. lelongii, 10 in the probably decaploid P. fischeri and 8 in P. araucanus of unknown chromosome number. The genome size ranged from 2C = 4.94 pg in P. megliolii of unknown chromosome number to 2C = 16.68 pg in the tetradecaploid P. hickenii. The ancestor is reconstructed as a dwarf shrub with cylindrical central spines of 16.35–31.2 mm long, non‐woolly areoles, cylindrical to globose/obpyriform stem segments, non‐tuberculate stem surface, lateral flower position, green/brown to violet epidermis, probably diploid, and with a genome size between 1.10 and 1.23 pg.

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Phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Tephrocactus (Cactaceae) based on molecular, morphological, and cytogenetical data

Cited by 18 publications

References 71 publications

Insights Into Chloroplast Genome Evolution Across Opuntioideae (Cactaceae) Reveals Robust Yet Sometimes Conflicting Phylogenetic Topologies

Insights Into Chloroplast Genome Evolution Across Opuntioideae (Cactaceae) Reveals Robust Yet Sometimes Conflicting Phylogenetic Topologies

Insights into chloroplast genome variation across Opuntioideae (Cactaceae)

Divergence time estimation and mapping of morphological and cytogenetical data in the southern South American geophyte genus Pterocactus (Cactaceae)

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