Phylogenetic position of Xenoleberis Kornicker, 1994 within Cylindroleberidinae (Ostracoda: Myodocopa) with descriptions of three new species and one new genus from the Northwestern Pacific Ocean

Four new Parasterope (Ostracoda, Myodocopina) from the Northwest Pacific and their phylogeny based on 16S rRNA

“…The unusual clustering of Parasterope and several unidentified Cylindroleberididae and Cylindroleberis on the phylogenetic tree, assigned to other genera, should be considered as misidentification and/or contaminations, and not an indication of polyphyletic nature of Parasterope. This can be supported by the results from previous, more complex, phylogenetic analyses of the entire family Cylindroleberididae ( Syme and Oakley 2012 ; Pham et al 2021 ) where the same GenBank sequences have been used, but they did not cluster with Parasterope sequences.…”

“…Due to a very limited number of available sequences attributed to the subfamily Cylindroleberidinae (27 in total) our phylogenetic tree included only 18 species belonging to seven genera. This can be considered a very poor sample, since the subfamily contains ~ 200 species belonging to 23 genera (see Pham et al 2021 ; Brandão et al 2022 ). Therefore, the interpretation of our results is very limited.…”

“…In general, phylogenetic relationships between the four cylindroleberid subfamilies is still not resolved despite many attempts to do so by using morphology only ( Kornicker 1981 ), or a combination of morphological and molecular data ( Syme 2007 ; Syme and Oakley 2012 ). The most recent phylogenetic tree constructed based on a concatenated data set with a combination of 16S, 18S, and 28S markers ( Pham et al 2021 ) provided little resolution to the problem of polyphyletic nature of the subfamily Cyclasteropinae . In addition, many of the genera on all phylogenetic trees reconstructed so far seem to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic.…”

“…brevis (Müller, 1890). Most recently, Pham et al (2021) published the first taxonomic record of the entire family from Korea and described five species, of which one was proposed as a member of a new genus, Toyoshioleberis Pham, Jöst & Karanovic, 2021, one was a new record of Xenoleberis yamadai (Hiruta, 1979) from Korea, and another two were new to science, X. parvus Pham, Jöst &Karanovic, 2021 andX. tanakai Pham, Jöst &Karanovic, 2021. In the present paper, we describe four new species belonging to Parasterope that have been collected from seas around Korea and Japan.…”

“…Most recently, Pham et al (2021) published the first taxonomic record of the entire family from Korea and described five species, of which one was proposed as a member of a new genus, Toyoshioleberis Pham, Jöst & Karanovic, 2021, one was a new record of Xenoleberis yamadai (Hiruta, 1979) from Korea, and another two were new to science, X. parvus Pham, Jöst &Karanovic, 2021 andX. tanakai Pham, Jöst &Karanovic, 2021. In the present paper, we describe four new species belonging to Parasterope that have been collected from seas around Korea and Japan. To facilitate their further identification, we provide a taxonomic key to all East Asian species.…”