Phylogenetic patterns of Atlantic forest restoration communities are mainly driven by stochastic, dispersal related factors

Schweizer, Daniella; Machado, Ronei Dorneles; Durigan, Giselda; Brancalion, Pedro Henrique Santin

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2015.05.026

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(70 reference statements)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Remarkably, the vast majority of colonizing individuals and species were dispersed by animals, as also observed in other restoration plantations of the region (Schweizer et al 2015, Suganuma and Durigan 2015, Viani et al 2015, C esar et al 2018). Most of the regenerating tree species were medium-seeded, bird-dispersed species, a common feature in a degraded tropical habitat context (Lindell et al 2013.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Intensive silviculture enhances biomass accumulation and tree diversity recovery in tropical forest restoration

Brancalion

Campoe

Mendes

et al. 2019

Ecological Applications

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Maximizing initial aboveground woody biomass (AGB) accumulation in order to obtain early payments for carbon stocking is essential for the financial viability of reforestation programs fostered by climate mitigation efforts. Intensive silviculture, i.e., silviculture traditionally used in commercial forestry to maximize productivity and gains, has recently been advocated as a promising approach to enhance AGB accumulation in restoration plantations. However, this approach may hamper natural forest regeneration and ecological succession due to high competition between colonizing plants and planted trees. We investigated the impacts of different silvicultural treatments applied to restoration plantations with 20 native tree species on AGB accumulation and spontaneous regeneration of native woody species in an experiment set up in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Intensive silviculture demonstrated a remarkable potential to enhance AGB accumulation in restoration plantations by increasing up to three times the AGB of tree stands (from ~25 to 75 Mg/ha in the 12th year). Intensive fertilization/weed control enhanced AGB accumulation, while higher tree density and the proportion of pioneers did not have a significant effect on AGB over the time. In spite of higher costs (cost increase of 13–19%), the cost‐effectiveness for AGB accumulation of intensive silviculture was comparable to that of traditional silviculture applied to restoration (US$50–100/Mg AGB for 3 × 2 m spacing). Contrary to our expectations, we did not find a trade‐off between AGB accumulation by planted trees and the spontaneous regeneration of tree species, since intensive silviculture enhanced the regeneration of both planted (total of 12 species) and colonizing woody species (total of 30 species) in the plantation understory. Specifically, a strong association was found between AGB stocks and the abundance and richness of colonizing species, a vast majority of which (90% of species and 95% of individuals) were dispersed by animals. We report a case of positive correlation between AGB stocking and woody species regeneration in the restoration of the Atlantic Forest. Fostering the establishment and maintenance of restoration tree plantations can, in some cases, be a win‐win strategy for climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation in human‐modified tropical landscapes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Intensive silviculture enhances biomass accumulation and tree diversity recovery in tropical forest restoration

Brancalion

Campoe

Mendes

et al. 2019

Ecological Applications

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“…However, the tools of phylogenetic ecology have proved useful for shedding light into 83 processes of community assembly and the successional trajectory of restoration forests 84 5 (Chang et al, 2015;Shooner et al, 2015;Schweizer et al, 2015). In this study, we assessed 85 the phylogenetic patterns of species recruiting beneath single-species tropical tree stands.…”

Section: Introduction 39mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early successional understory communities show idiosyncratic phylogenetic patterns in Neotropical silvicultural plantations

Schweizer

Aizprúa

Gilbert

2016

Forest Ecology and Management

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19One approach in forest restoration is to plant trees that will establish an initial canopy to promote 20 forest recovery through the colonization of other species. The identity of the planted tree affects 21 which species are able to recruit in its understory. Here we evaluate the phylogenetic structure of 22 young understory plant communities recruiting beneath eleven different species planted in single 23 species stands and relate those structures with processes affecting community assembly. We 24 expected the presence of negative biotic interactions between closely related overstory and 25 understory species, as well as among related understory species, to lead to phylogenetic 26 overdispersion. However, we did not find consistent phylogenetic patterns maybe due to the 27 young age of the understory communities at the time of sampling. Most overstories showed a 28 higher than expected presence of close relatives due to the recruitment of conspecifics, whereas, 29 the higher recruitment of the ancient clade of Piperaceae beneath Fabaceae trees led to 30 overdispersion. The presence of various Asteraceae species in understories that had been invaded 31 by the grass, Saccharum spontaneum, led to significant clustering suggesting the conservatism of 32 traits that allow overcoming the strong competition imposed by the grass. Phylogenetic patterns 33 among the recruiting species showed that dispersal and competition are playing a role in shaping 34 the communities but this changed among overstories. Our results highlight the importance of 35 choosing an adequate set of species to plant in a restoration project since they dictate the 36 subsequent regeneration of a forest community. 37

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“…The influence of the niche, ecological drift and historical factors on community assembly within tropical forests at varying spatial and temporal scales, is currently a research focus . Knowledge of these ecological processes and differences in niches is increasingly being used to guide management and reforestation in tropical regions e.g., and Schweizer et al (2015).…”

Section: Community Assembly Underneath Tropical Forests: Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…excluding gymnosperms and/or monocots and natives etc.) in order to decipher their influence on the observed results and conclusions regarding community assembly (Schweizer et al, 2015).…”

Section: Examining Evolution and Ecological Traits Together; Advantagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding tropical biodiversity to improve reforestation outcomes: examples from the Philippines and Northern Australia

Wills¹

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Tropical regions such as the Philippines and the Wet Tropics (WTs) bioregion of Northern Australia have seen dramatic declines in forest cover, primarily since respective Spanish, American and English colonization events. This has led to declines in biodiversity and ecosystem services, both of which support the livelihoods of a vast number of people. For example, drastic declines in forest cover in the Philippines and Northern Australia have seen large reductions in timber resources. In view of this, different reforestation types, including the management of 'secondary forest' regeneration, are being applied across the tropics in order to mitigate biodiversity loss and contribute to ecosystem services including timber production and biodiversity enhancement. To date, the ecology of these novel forests within the study regions have not been thoroughly investigated, from either conservation or a socio-economic perspectives.This research applies functional and phylogenetic approaches to gain insights into complex ecological processes such as regeneration and growth dynamics within different forest types. The forest types studied were established as small-scale community-based plantations located on the Island of Leyte in the Philippines, and included monocultures of Swietenia macrophylla King (mahogany), one of the most valuable timber species in the tropics; and mixed-species plantations established as a reforestation system called 'Rainforestation Farming' (here after, Rainforestation).Naturally regenerating selectively logged native forest located within Leyte and the WTs Bioregion was also included in this study.Within the Philippines, species, functional and phylogenetic diversity of understorey recruitment beneath the different forest types were compared and contrasted, in order to identify species or groups that were favoured or limited, and to compare community assembly processes. Within the WTs bioregion, I utilized a unique historical dataset, to investigate if leaf functional traits, such as Specific Leaf Area (SLA) or leaf nutrient contents, obtained from regenerating selectively logged forest trees, can be used to predict tree growth over time and how this relationship may vary depending on the position in the canopy. An improved understanding of the influence of these leaf traits could help to inform practitioners' design of reforestation projects.Understorey recruitment, including species, functional and phylogenetic diversity, was influenced by the reforestation type in the Philippines. Generally, monocultures had the lowest diversity and regenerating selectively logged forest the highest, with the Rainforestation showing intermediate understorey diversity. Species within the Moraceae family were common across all forest types and wind-dispersed emergent-tree species were absent within the monoculture forest types. These trees represent a limited group of species, and their absence has consequences for future ecosystem function. Using phylogenetic relatedness and leaf traits, seedling commun...

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Phylogenetic patterns of Atlantic forest restoration communities are mainly driven by stochastic, dispersal related factors

Cited by 14 publications

References 65 publications

Intensive silviculture enhances biomass accumulation and tree diversity recovery in tropical forest restoration

Intensive silviculture enhances biomass accumulation and tree diversity recovery in tropical forest restoration

Early successional understory communities show idiosyncratic phylogenetic patterns in Neotropical silvicultural plantations

Understanding tropical biodiversity to improve reforestation outcomes: examples from the Philippines and Northern Australia

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