Phylogenetic origins of Borrelia recurrentis

Cutler, Sally J.; Scott, Julie C.; Wright, David J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.11.011

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This finding would explain the distinct clustering previously reported that separated B. duttonii from B. recurrentis when a multigene sequence–based approach was used ( 4 ). It may be that this particular cluster of B. duttonii is more readily cultivable that those belonging to other clades, thus highlighting the potential for misinterpretation of population structure analysis that is based only on cultivable isolates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Furthermore, these investigations used only cultivable strains, and thus could represent bias toward those able to grow under axenic conditions. These investigations disclosed a clear demarcation between B. duttonii and B. recurrentis ( 4 ). …”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Although these differing life styles of the vectors can account for the epidemiologic differences between these infections, recent studies have highlighted the similarity between B. recurrentis , the cause of louse-borne relapsing fever, and B. duttonii , the agent of East African of tick-borne relapsing fever ( 2 – 4 ). It has been postulated that B. recurrentis is a louse-adapted variant of B. duttonii ( 5 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Population Structure of East African Relapsing FeverBorreliaspp.

Cutler¹,

Bonilla²,

Singh³

2010

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

mentioning

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population Structure of East African Relapsing FeverBorreliaspp.

Cutler¹,

Bonilla²,

Singh³

2010

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…The close identity between the two species suggests that both species are indeed the same. This is not surprising, given that previous phylogenetic and genomic sequencing data suggest that either B. recurrentis has evolved from B. duttonii or they have a common ancestral origin (9,18). Moreover, the B. recurrentis genome is a degraded subset of the genome of B. duttonii (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Phylogenetic Analysis of a Virulent Borrelia Species Isolated from Patients with Relapsing Fever

et al. 2010

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Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was used to clarify the taxonomic status of a virulent Borrelia organism previously isolated from patients with relapsing fever and from ticks in Spain that is designated the Spanish relapsing fever (SRF) Borrelia. This species has been used extensively in experimental infection models because of its continued virulence. Seven genes were amplified to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among several Spanish isolates of SRF Borrelia and other relapsing fever Borrelia species. The genes targeted in this study included rrs and flaB, which have commonly been used in phylogenetic studies; the rrf-rrl intergenic spacer (IGS), which is highly discriminatory; and four additional genes, p66, groEL, glpQ, and recC, which are located on the chromosome and which have therefore evolved in a clonal way. The species included in this study were Borrelia duttonii, B. recurrentis, B. crocidurae, and B. hispanica as Old World Borrelia species and B. turicatae and B. hermsii as New World Borrelia species. The results obtained by MLSA of the SRF Borrelia on the basis of 1% of the genomic sequence data analyzed confirmed that the SRF Borrelia isolates are B. hispanica. However, the prototype isolates of B. hispanica used in this study have an uncertain history and display unique phenotypic characteristics that are not shared with the SRF Borrelia. Therefore, we propose to use strain SP1, isolated from a relapsing fever patient in 1994 in southern Spain, as the type strain for B. hispanica.The members of the Borrelia genus comprise two major groups: those causing Lyme disease and those causing relapsing fever (RF). Relapsing fever is distributed all over the world; and its agents are traditionally classified according to their geographic origins, vector, and infectivity in various animal species. In Spain, relapsing fever has been reported sporadically throughout the last century and has been associated with Borrelia hispanica (2,11,17,19,27,28). From 1994 to 1996, spirochetes were isolated from the blood of two patients with RF symptoms and from Ornithodoros erraticus, and we have designated these spirochetes Spanish relapsing fever (SRF) Borrelia. This SRF organism is refractory to in vitro cultivation, and this represents a unique phenotypic characteristic not shared by B. hispanica (1). SRF Borrelia infects C3H/ HeN, BALB/c, C57/B51, and Swiss outbred mice (1), and it is highly infectious. A murine model of SRF was developed (13) and has been used extensively in experimental studies on pathogenesis and the host response (5-7, 14, 16, 20). A preliminary genetic analysis comparing the rrs and flaB loci from B. hispanica to those from the Spanish isolates suggested that SRF could represent a new species (1).To date, most of the ecological and epidemiological studies on relapsing fever Borrelia have used a single locus. Therefore, characterization of relapsing fever spirochetes has relied upon the amplification and sequencing of certain genes, such as rrs (24), flaB (12), and more recently, the n...

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“…The clinical diagnostic approach has merit but eliminates the potential to gain more genetic and biological information had these spirochetes been isolated in culture. For example, through the many efforts of Cutler and her collaborators, the borrelia research arena has benefited tremendously by having many isolates of B. recurrentis and B. duttonii established in vitro [71]–[74]. These isolates have provided the basis for a greater understanding of the genetic diversity and molecular biology of African relapsing fever spirochetes, and they provided the material for a whole genome comparison of these two important louse- and tick-borne pathogens [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic Foci of the Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia crocidurae in Mali, West Africa, and the Potential for Human Infection

et al. 2012

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BackgroundTick-borne relapsing fever spirochetes are maintained in endemic foci that involve a diversity of small mammals and argasid ticks in the genus Ornithodoros. Most epidemiological studies of tick-borne relapsing fever in West Africa caused by Borrelia crocidurae have been conducted in Senegal. The risk for humans to acquire relapsing fever in Mali is uncertain, as only a few human cases have been identified. Given the high incidence of malaria in Mali, and the potential to confuse the clinical diagnosis of these two diseases, we initiated studies to determine if there were endemic foci of relapsing fever spirochetes that could pose a risk for human infection.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe investigated 20 villages across southern Mali for the presence of relapsing fever spirochetes. Small mammals were captured, thin blood smears were examined microscopically for spirochetes, and serum samples were tested for antibodies to relapsing fever spirochetes. Ornithodoros sonrai ticks were collected and examined for spirochetal infection. In total, 11.0% of the 663 rodents and 14.3% of the 63 shrews tested were seropositive and 2.2% of the animals had active spirochete infections when captured. In the Bandiagara region, the prevalence of infection was higher with 35% of the animals seropositive and 10% infected. Here also Ornithodoros sonrai were abundant and 17.3% of 278 individual ticks tested were infected with Borrelia crocidurae. Fifteen isolates of B. crocidurae were established and characterized by multi-locus sequence typing.Conclusions/SignificanceThe potential for human tick-borne relapsing fever exists in many areas of southern Mali.

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Phylogenetic origins of Borrelia recurrentis

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Population Structure of East African Relapsing FeverBorreliaspp.

Population Structure of East African Relapsing FeverBorreliaspp.

Phylogenetic Analysis of a Virulent Borrelia Species Isolated from Patients with Relapsing Fever

Endemic Foci of the Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia crocidurae in Mali, West Africa, and the Potential for Human Infection

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