Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Neoselachians (Chondrichthyes: Euselachii)

Shirai, Shigeru

doi:10.1016/b978-012670950-6/50003-5

Cited by 222 publications

(373 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Fossil, morphological and molecular data support the hypothesis that mobulids are one of the most derived groups of elasmobranchs and closely related to rhinopterids (cownose rays, genus Rhinoptera) within a polyphyletic clade of Myliobatidae Aschliman et al, 2012a;Claeson et al, 2010;De Carvalho et al, 2004;Dunn et al, 2003;Lovejoy, 1996;McEachran and Aschliman, 2004;McEachran et al, 1996;Nishida, 1990;Shirai, 1996). However, a sister-clade relationship to a myliobatid-rhinopterid clade has also been proposed (Gonzalez-Isais and Dominguez, 2004) solely based on morphological data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

A dated molecular phylogeny of manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) based on mitogenome and nuclear sequences

Poortvliet

Olsen

Croll

et al. 2015

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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a b s t r a c tManta and devil rays are an iconic group of globally distributed pelagic filter feeders, yet their evolutionary history remains enigmatic. We employed next generation sequencing of mitogenomes for nine of the 11 recognized species and two outgroups; as well as additional Sanger sequencing of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes in an extended taxon sampling set. Analysis of the mitogenome coding regions in a Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian framework provided a well-resolved phylogeny. The deepest divergences distinguished three clades with high support, one containing Manta birostris, Manta alfredi, Mobula tarapacana, Mobula japanica and Mobula mobular; one containing Mobula kuhlii, Mobula eregoodootenkee and Mobula thurstoni; and one containing Mobula munkiana, Mobula hypostoma and Mobula rochebrunei. Mobula remains paraphyletic with the inclusion of Manta, a result that is in agreement with previous studies based on molecular and morphological data. A fossil-calibrated Bayesian random local clock analysis suggests that mobulids diverged from Rhinoptera around 30 Mya. Subsequent divergences are characterized by long internodes followed by short bursts of speciation extending from an initial episode of divergence in the Early and Middle Miocene (19-17 Mya) to a second episode during the Pliocene and Pleistocene (3.6 Mya -recent). Estimates of divergence dates overlap significantly with periods of global warming, during which upwelling intensity -and related high primary productivity in upwelling regions -decreased markedly. These periods are hypothesized to have led to fragmentation and isolation of feeding regions leading to possible regional extinctions, as well as the promotion of allopatric speciation. The closely shared evolutionary history of mobulids in combination with ongoing threats from fisheries and climate change effects on upwelling and food supply, reinforces the case for greater protection of this charismatic family of pelagic filter feeders.

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mentioning

confidence: 73%

A dated molecular phylogeny of manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) based on mitogenome and nuclear sequences

Poortvliet

Olsen

Croll

et al. 2015

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…These differences, or contrast values, can be considered statistically independent of one another. We calculated independent contrasts using our own customwritten software and the phylogenies of Shirai (27,28) and McEachran and Aschliman (30); see Figs. S1 and S2 for more information.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between this variation and chondrichthyan phylogeny is complex and not immediately visually apparent, however. A different resolution of the phylogeny, currently a subject of debate (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31), might simplify these observed scaling relationships; however, several clear grade shifts are apparent when chondrichthyans are compared with a sample of 112 nonprimate mammals. Despite conservation of the overall pattern of allometric scaling, substantial grade shifts across these two groups are seen when various structures are compared with the medulla.…”

Section: Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

A conserved pattern of brain scaling from sharks to primates

Yopak

Lisney

Darlington

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

160

211

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Several patterns of brain allometry previously observed in mammals have been found to hold for sharks and related taxa (chondrichthyans) as well. In each clade, the relative size of brain parts, with the notable exception of the olfactory bulbs, is highly predictable from the total brain size. Compared with total brain mass, each part scales with a characteristic slope, which is highest for the telencephalon and cerebellum. In addition, cerebellar foliation reflects both absolute and relative cerebellar size, in a manner analogous to mammalian cortical gyrification. This conserved pattern of brain scaling suggests that the fundamental brain plan that evolved in early vertebrates permits appropriate scaling in response to a range of factors, including phylogeny and ecology, where neural mass may be added and subtracted without compromising basic function.T he allometric relationship of brain parts to overall brain size has been studied and debated extensively (1-7). At the core of the debate lies the question of whether the brain is best characterized as a collection of independently varying structures/devices evolved for particular behavioral requirements or niches or as a single coordinated processing structure/device in which adaptation for species-specific behavioral capacities occurs without the production of delineable modules (8, 9). Many methodological issues have arisen as well, including what about a brain should be quantified [cells or volumes (10)], what should be compared and how, and how to take into account the statistical dependence of both structural and species relationships (11).Until recently, a single data corpus comprising primates, bats, and insectivorous mammals was the sole source for comparison (2), leaving the question of whether these mammals represented all vertebrates, or even all other mammals, unresolved. The addition of carnivorous mammals (including marine mammals), ungulates, xenarthrans, and the manatee demonstrated that the original conclusions drawn from primates, bats, and insectivores could be extended to this larger data set (8, 12). These studies revealed that mammalian brain structure exhibits a pattern of variation containing two principal components. The first component, accounting for ≈96% of the total variance of related brain parts to total brain size, loads most highly on neocortex and cerebellum. The second component loads most highly on the olfactory bulb and associated limbic structures and accounts for ≈3% of the original variance. Each brain part also has a characteristic slope with respect to absolute brain size, such that every large mammalian brain is composed disproportionately of neocortex and cerebellum. The remaining 1% of the variance must subsume all remaining sources, including niche, sex and individual differences, and measurement error. This 1% contribution is large in one sense: In two species with the same brain size, a single structure might differ by a factor of 2.5. The total range of structure sizes may differ by a factor of 100,000 or more b...

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“…These fishes were shuffled among many branches of elasmobranchs; sometimes aligned closely with batoids, sometimes squaloids, and sometimes both depending on the study (Seret 1986;Shirai 1992aShirai , 1992bShirai , 1996 and references therein). Most recently two well supported but drastically different competing hypotheses based on morphology and molecules posit batoids as derived sharks closely related to angel sharks and sawsharks (Shirai 1992a(Shirai , 1992b(Shirai , 1996, or as the sister group to a monophyletic group of sharks with no relationship to angel sharks respectively (Douady et al 2003;Winchell et al 2004;Heinicke et al 2009, V lez-Zuazo & Agnarsson 2011 (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of the anterior vertebral region in elasmobranchs: special focus, Squatiniformes

Claeson

Hilger

2011

Fossil Record

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The morphology of extant and extinct Squatiniformes is well conserved within this lineage, but differences are of consequence to character interpretations for phylogenetic analyses. Investigation of the extinct taxon †Pseudorhina alifera (Münster, 1842) from the Late Jurassic of Solnhofen with extant species of Squatina provide new evidence that members of Squatiniformes possess a basioccipital fovea. Presence of a basioccipital fovea is the ancestral condition in Neoselachians and hypothesized to be lost in members of Hypnosqualea. In addition, species of Squatina all posses a reduced occipital hemicentrum while the occipital hemicentrum in †Pseudorhina is unreduced, indicating the condition in Squatina is an example of postdisplacement heterochrony. Pristiophoriformes and Batoidea also are characterized by a lack of a basioccipital fovea and hemicentrum. However, extinct members of Batoidea, such as †Spathobatis, and modern taxa do possess a distinct notch in the posterior basicranium ventral to the foramen magnum. Except for the lack of an associated occipital hemicentrum, this notch is similar to the basioccipital fovea, but its homology is not yet addressed. Furthermore, within all species of Squatiniformes and Pristiophoriformes, as well as some members of Orectolobiformes and Carcharhiniformes, basiventral cartilages are laterally expanded, contributing to a broad articulation with the occipital condyle. The disparate taxa with modifications to the basiventral cartilages suggest a significant functional, rather than phylogenetic, signal for this feature. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Neoselachians (Chondrichthyes: Euselachii)

Cited by 222 publications

References 30 publications

A dated molecular phylogeny of manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) based on mitogenome and nuclear sequences

A dated molecular phylogeny of manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) based on mitogenome and nuclear sequences

A conserved pattern of brain scaling from sharks to primates

Morphology of the anterior vertebral region in elasmobranchs: special focus, Squatiniformes

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