Phylogenetic and taxonomic updates of Agaricales , with an emphasis on Tricholomopsis

Abstract

The order Agaricales was divided into eight suborders. However, the phylogenetic relationships among some suborders are largely unresolved, and the phylogenetic positions and delimitations of some taxa, such as Sarcomyxaceae and Tricholomopsis , remain unsettled. In this study, sequence data of 38 genomes were generated through genome skimming on an Illumina sequencing system. To anchor the systematic position of Sarcomyxaceae and Tricholomopsis , a phylogenetic analysis based on 555 single-copy orthologous genes from the aforementioned genomes and 126 publicly accessible genomes was performed. The results fully supported the clustering of Tricholomopsis with Phyllotopsis and Pleurocybella within Phyllotopsidaceae, which formed a divergent monophyletic major lineage together with Pterulaceae , Radulomycetaceae , and Macrotyphula in Agaricales . The analysis also revealed that Sarcomyxaceae formed a unique major clade. Therefore, two new suborders, Phyllotopsidineae and Sarcomyxineae , are proposed for the two major lineages. Analyses of 450 single-copy orthologous genes and four loci suggested that Tricholomopsis consisted of at least four clades. Tricholomopsis is subsequently subdivided into four distinct sections. Seventeen Tricholomopsis species in China, including six new species, are reported. Conoloma is established to accommodate T. mucronata . The substrate preference of Tricholomopsis species and the transitions of the pileate ornamentations among the species within the genus are discussed.

Multi-gene phylogenetic and taxonomic contributions to Xylaria (Ascomycota) associated with fallen fruits from China

“…Most species in this group are lacking DNA sequences, and some species only have one or two sequences, for X. carpophila just has ITS sequences, and X. karyophthora from Guyana with ITS and RPB2 sequences available (Dillon et al 2018;Vu et al 2019) (Hsieh et al 2010;Fournier et al 2018b;Perera et al 2020;Ma et al 2022), which is not so sufficient. In recent years, genome sequencing, sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing have been used in some macrofungi groups for inferring phylogenetic relationships (Wibberg et al 2021;Wang et al 2023). To further understand the taxonomy and phylogeny of Xylaria associated with fruits and seeds, newly collected specimens from their original regions, more taxa and more DNA sequences need to be included in future study.…”