Phylogenetic and ecological reevaluation of the order Onygenales

Abstract

The order Onygenales is classified in the class Eurotiomycetes of the subphylum Pezizomycotina. Families in this order have classically been isolated from soil and dung, and two lineages contain causative agents of superficial, cutaneous, and systemic infections in mammals. The ecology and habitat choices of the species are driven mainly by abilities of keratin- and cellulose-degradation. The present study aimed to investigate whether the ecological trends of the members of the Onygenales can be interpreted in an evolutionary sense, linking phylogenetic parameters with habitat preferences, to achieve polyphasic definitions of the main taxonomic groups. Evolutionary processes were estimated by multiple gene genealogies and divergence time analysis. Previously described families namely, Arthrodermataceae, Ajellomycetaceae, Ascosphaeraceae, Eremascaceae, Gymnoascaceae, Onygenaceae and Spiromastigaceae were accepted in the Onygenales, and two new families, Auxarthraceae and Neogymnomycetaceae were introduced. A number of species could not be assigned to any of the defined families. Our study provides a revised overview of the main lines of taxonomy of the Onygenales, supported by multilocus analyses of ITS, LSU, TUB , TEF1 , TEF3 , RPB1 , RPB2, and ribosomal protein 60S L10 (L1) ( RP60S ) sequences, combined with available data on ecology, physiology, morphology, and genomics.

Detection of emerging genotypes in Trichophyton mentagrophytes species complex: A proposal for handling biodiversity in dermatophytes

“…These species tend to adapt to particular body sites and lose sexual reproduction ( Metin and Heitman, 2017 ; Kosanke et al, 2018 ). The evolution of the family Arthrodermataceae has been estimated to have taken about 37 million year ( Kandemir et al, 2021 ), but Tang et al, 2021 suggested that similar adaptations may proceed rapidly after domestication. Indeed, we observe anthropophilic dermatophytes in several species such as: T. concentricum close to T. benhamiae ( Čmoková et al, 2020 ), T. tonsurans close to T. equinum ( Kandemir et al, 2020 ), and Microsporum ferrugineum close to M. canis ( de Hoog et al, 2017 ; Kosanke et al, 2018 ).…”