Phylogenetic and Diversity Analysis of Dactylis glomerata Subspecies Using SSR and IT-ISJ Markers

Abstract

Abstract:The genus Dactylis, an important forage crop, has a wide geographical distribution in temperate regions. While this genus is thought to include a single species, Dactylis glomerata, this species encompasses many subspecies whose relationships have not been fully characterized. In this study, the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of nine representative Dactylis subspecies were examined using SSR and IT-ISJ markers. In total, 21 pairs of SSR primers and 15 pairs of IT-ISJ primers were used to amplify 295 polymorphic bands with polymorphic rates of 100%. The average polymorphic information contents (PICs) of SSR and IT-ISJ markers were 0.909 and 0.780, respectively. The combined data of the two markers indicated a high level of genetic diversity among the nine D. glomerata subspecies, with a Nei's gene diversity index value of 0.283 and Shannon's diversity of 0.448. Preliminarily phylogenetic analysis results revealed that the 20 accessions could be divided into three groups (A, B, C). Furthermore, they could be divided into five clusters, which is similar to the structure analysis with K = 5. Phylogenetic placement in these three groups may be related to the distribution ranges and the climate types of the subspecies in each group. Group A contained eight accessions of four subspecies, originating from the west Mediterranean, while Group B contained seven accessions of three subspecies, originating from the east Mediterranean.

Complete Chloroplast Genomes of 14 Subspecies of D. glomerata: Phylogenetic and Comparative Genomic Analyses

“…Although the phylogenetic relationships among Dactylis taxa have already been extensively studied using morphological, cytological, isozyme, phenolic flavonoid, and molecular techniques, the classification of the Dactylis genus remains controversial [ 2 , 9 , 83 , 84 , 85 ]. In the present study, the phylogenetic tree, based on the cp genome, contains subspecies with different ploidy levels, and the high bootstrap support shows the capacity of complete cp genomes to enhance the phylogenetic resolutions during the evolution of Dactylis , which might represent useful information on the origin and evolution of Dactylis [ 86 , 87 ].…”

“…Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) is a member of the Gramineous family [ 1 ]. The genus contains one species and numerous subspecies that have different ploidy levels [ 2 ]. Orchardgrass is native to Eurasia and northern Africa, although it has been introduced to nearly every continent and utilized as excellent cool–season forage for the livestock industry that requires forage [ 3 ].…”

“…Dactylis classification has been repeatedly revised based on herbaria and field studies [ 8 ], cytology and genetics [ 9 ]. Molecular genetic analysis of partial DNA sequencing recently [ 2 , 5 ] changed clustering from three (a diploid and two tetraploid groups) to two (comprising, respectively, 17 diploids and six tetraploids). In one sense, although these studies have greatly improved the understanding of the taxonomy and phylogeny of the Dactylis genus, controversy about the phylogenetic status and interspecific phylogenetic relationship of the Dactylis genus remains.…”

Stochastic flowering phenology in Dactylis glomerata populations described by Markov chain modelling

“…It occurs abundantly throughout its extensive biogeographic distribution, with a native range between the USA and Japan, and from northern Africa to northern Sweden (Clayton et al 2002). The species can be divided into a few different sub-species based on genetic and morphological divergencies (Yan et al 2016). However, D. glomerata subsp.…”

Typification of Dactylis ibizensis (Poaceae) and inference of the ploidy level of the type specimen

“…Artificial crossing experiments carried out between diploid lineages have reported a substantial decrease in pollen fertility and seedling survival in hybrid generations (Jones, 1962; Parker, 1968; Hu & Timothy, 1971). These results are linked to a noticeable variation in flavonoid compounds (Fiasson & al., 1987), enzyme polymorphism (reviewed in Lumaret, 1988), and molecular markers (Yan & al., 2016). Overall, this suggests that taxonomic recognition of most of the diploid lineages may be appropriate.…”