Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals a High Prevalence of Sporothrix brasiliensis in Feline Sporotrichosis Outbreaks

Rodrigues, Anderson Messias; Teixeira, Marcus de Melo; Hoog, G.S. de; Schubach, Tânia Maria Pacheco; Pereira, Sandro Antônio; Fernandes, Geisa Ferreira; Bezerra, Leila Maria Lopes; Felipe, Maria Sueli Soares; Camargo, Zoilo Pires de

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002281

Cited by 264 publications

(430 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…For 15 of the isolates, it was possible to characterize the species by reconstructing their phylogenetic origin using the calmodulin locus, which resulted in Sporothrix brasiliensis in all cases 12 . Studies to characterize the species of feline isolates from this epidemic and to determine their susceptibility to antifungal drugs are being conducted to better understand the clinical and epidemiological aspects of this mycosis.…”

Section: Conflict Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiological scenario of feline sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Pereira

Gremião

Kitada

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Sporotrichosis is a mycosis affecting both humans and animals. Within the context of the ongoing sporotrichosis epidemic in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, sick cats plays an important role in the zoonotic transmission. The aim of this study was to update the number of feline cases diagnosed at the Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011). Methods: The medical records of the cats followed were reviewed; the inclusion criterion was the isolation of Sporothrix spp. in culture. Results: In total, 2,301 feline cases were identifi ed. Conclusions: These results should alert sanitary authorities to the diffi culties associated with sporotrichosis control.Keywords: Sporothrix spp. Sporotrichosis. Cat. Zoonosis. Epidemiology.Sporotrichosis is an implantation mycosis caused by different species of the genus Sporothrix. The disease occurs worldwide but is endemic in Latin America, especially in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where the fi rst epidemic of zoonotic sporotrichosis was described at the end of the 1990s 1 . The animal species most affected is the cat, which can exhibit a wide spectrum of clinical signs ranging from a single cutaneous lesion to a disseminated form 2,3 . Unlike the lesions observed in humans and dogs, cutaneous lesions in felines carry a high parasite burden, making the cat an important source of infection in the zoonotic transmission of this fungus 1,3,4 . In the past 14 years, transmission of S. schenckii from scratches, bites or contact with sick cats has been reported in Brazil The medical records of the cats followed at Lapclin-Dermzoo from January 2005 to December 2011 were reviewed; the inclusion criterion was the diagnosis of sporotrichosis confi rmed by isolation of Sporothrix spp. in culture. The data collected from each cat were stored and processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Simple frequencies for the categorical variables (origin, gender, breed, reproductive status, the distribution of cutaneous lesions and the presence of at least 2 cats per domicile) and measures of tendency for the quantitative variables (age and the duration of cutaneous lesions before the fi rst clinical visit) were determined. The frequencies of clinical characteristics of the cohort of cats were described by univariate analysis.In total, 2,301 cats with sporotrichosis were diagnosed at IPEC/FIOCRUZ. Due to the retrospective nature of this study, not all data were available for every animal. In this analysis, regarding the variables origin, gender, breed and reproductive status, respectively, 206, 46, 172 and 206 records were excluded because of incomplete data. All of the cats were from metropolitan regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro, mainly Rio de Janeiro municipality (61.2%; n = 2,095). The majority were male (66.4%; n = 2,255), mongrel (89.3%; n = 2,129) and unneutered (73.1%; n = 2,281). The median age of the cats was 2 years old. The median time between the appearance of cutaneous le...

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Section: Conflict Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiological scenario of feline sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Pereira

Gremião

Kitada

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…In Brazil, the most prevalent agent and primary pathogen of feline sporotrichosis is Sporothrix brasiliensis (Rodrigues et al 2013). The disease usually ranges from a single skin lesion that can progress to multiple skin lesions and fatal systemic involvement.…”

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Refractory feline sporotrichosis treated with itraconazole combined with potassium iodide

Rocha

Schubach

Pereira

et al. 2018

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…A 1998-2010 outbreak of 3,244 cases of sporotrichosis in cats, 120 cases in dogs, and 2,200 cases in humans occurred in Brazil, suggesting a sharp increase in human cases correlated with one in domestic cats (12,18,19). In the outbreak region of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), S. brasiliensis proved to be overwhelmingly prevalent among cats and humans (20); however, the population structure, epidemiology, and emergence of these pathogens have not been elucidated.…”

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Asexual Propagation of a Virulent Clone Complex in a Human and Feline Outbreak of Sporotrichosis

et al. 2015

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Sporotrichosis is one of the most frequent subcutaneous fungal infections in humans and animals caused by members of the plant-associated, dimorphic genus Sporothrix. Three of the four medically important Sporothrix species found in Brazil have been considered asexual as no sexual stage has ever been reported in Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, or Sporothrix globosa. We have identified the mating type (MAT) loci in the S. schenckii (strain 1099-18/ATCC MYA-4821) and S. brasiliensis (strain 5110/ATCC MYA-4823) genomes by using comparative genomic approaches to determine the mating type ratio in these pathogen populations. Our analysis revealed the presence of a MAT1-1 locus in S. schenckii while a MAT1-2 locus was found in S. brasiliensis representing genomic synteny to other Sordariomycetes. Furthermore, the components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-pheromone pathway, pheromone processing enzymes, and meiotic regulators have also been identified in the two pathogens, suggesting the potential for sexual reproduction. The ratio of MAT1-1 to MAT1-2 was not significantly different from 1:1 for all three Sporothrix species, but the population of S. brasiliensis in the outbreaks originated from a single mating type. We also explored the population genetic structure of these pathogens using sequence data of two loci to improve our knowledge of the pattern of geographic distribution, genetic variation, and virulence phenotypes. Population genetics data showed significant population differentiation and clonality with a low level of haplotype diversity in S. brasiliensis isolates from different regions of sporotrichosis outbreaks in Brazil. In contrast, S. schenckii isolates demonstrated a high degree of genetic variability without significant geographic differentiation, indicating the presence of recombination. This study demonstrated that two species causing the same disease have contrasting reproductive strategies and genetic variability patterns.

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Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals a High Prevalence of Sporothrix brasiliensis in Feline Sporotrichosis Outbreaks

Cited by 264 publications

References 93 publications

The epidemiological scenario of feline sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The epidemiological scenario of feline sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Refractory feline sporotrichosis treated with itraconazole combined with potassium iodide

Asexual Propagation of a Virulent Clone Complex in a Human and Feline Outbreak of Sporotrichosis

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