Phylogenetic Analysis of Yersinia pestis Strains of the Caucasian Subspecies from the Foci of the Caucasus and Transcaucasia according to the Whole Genome Sequencing Data

Nikiforov, K. A.; Альхова, Ж. В.; Куклева, Л. М.; Naryshkina, E. A.; Оглодин, Е. Г.; Eroshenko, G. A.; Кутырев, Владимир

doi:10.1134/s1022795419040070

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…имеются экспериментальные данные о высокой вирулентности единичных полевочьих штаммов из закавказского высокогорного очага для морских свинок. неоднородными по вирулентности оказались и штаммы из восточно-кавказского (дагестанского) высокогорного полевочьего очага [6,11,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

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“…резистентными оказались большие песчанки к одному из штаммов, выделенных от людей в конго. показателен результат опытов по заражению больших песчанок «полевочьим» штаммом из закавказского высокогорного очага: погиб 21 исходя из вышесказанного, необходимо еще раз обратиться к вопросу об эпидемиологическом значении рамнозопозитивных штаммов. при оценке эпидемического потенциала природных очагов чумы принято учитывать наличие в истории очага антропонозного распространения чумы.…”

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“…доказана принадлежность двух клинических штаммов Y. pestis к кавказскому подвиду ssp. caucasica, что подтверждает способность этого подвида вызывать чуму у людей [21]. описаны случаи выделения одного штамма Y. pestis altaica и двух штаммов Y. pestis ulegeica в 2015 г. от людей в монголии [32].…”

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Rhamnose-Positive Strains of Plague Agent: Virulence and Epidemiological Significance

Sludsky

Devdariani

2022

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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The aim of the review is to show the groundlessness of the unconditional assessment of rhamnose-positive strains of plague pathogen as avirulent for most species of carriers and humans and having no epidemiological significance. The main carriers of rhamnose-positive strains are several species of voles and the Mongolian pika. The vast majority of experts are of the opinion that rhamnose-positive (“vole`s” and “pika`s”) strains of Yersinia pestis are avirulent or weakly virulent for many species of warm-blooded animals and humans, and therefore have no epidemiological significance. However, in a series of experiments on infecting marmots, ground squirrels, and large gerbils with rhamnose-positive strains, some of the experimental animals fell ill acutely and died from the plague. In nature, rhamnose-positive strains have been isolated from carcasses of relatively resistant red marmots. When evaluating the epidemiological significance of rhamnose-positive strains, such an important criterion as the presence or absence of effective factors and pathways of pathogen transmission in foci of the vole and pika types is omitted. Voles and pikas are not eaten; therefore, the contact route of infecting humans in these foci is impossible. The second way of transmission of the pathogen to humans – vector-borne – is difficult due to the lack of migration of vole fleas from burrows to the surface and their low efficiency as vectors. Nevertheless, cases of human infection with rhamnose-positive strains of the plague agent in the Caucasus and Mongolia give grounds to assert that at least some rhamnose-positive strains have a sufficiently high virulence and are capable of causing infectious process in humans as well. Therefore, epidemiological surveillance in the foci of plague of the vole and pika types cannot be totally abandoned. It can be conducted according to an abbreviated scheme.

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Rhamnose-Positive Strains of Plague Agent: Virulence and Epidemiological Significance

Sludsky

Devdariani

2022

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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“…в границах исторического ареала Y. pestis pestis филогенетической ветви 2.MED1 на территории прикаспийской и туранской низменностей, а также кавказа и закавказья к настоящему времени расположено 33 автономных природных очага, в том числе: песчаночьего (25), сусликового (6), сурочьего (2) типов (табл. 1).…”

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“…на территории кавказа (центрально-кавказский высокогорный очаг) отмечена сочетанная циркуляция штаммов Y. pestis pestis средневекового биовара филогенетических ветвей 2.MED1 и 2.MED0. в закавказье (приараксинский низкогорный очаг) выявлена сочетанная циркуляция штаммов Y. pestis pestis средневекового биовара 2.MED1 и кавказского подвида 0.PE2 [25] * -information on epizootic and epidemic manifestations of plague in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan is given; ** -only one 2.MED1 strain is known, isolated in the Talas high mountain focus. дарьялыктакырском (заараль ском) -в 2011 г., устюртском -в 2011 г., мангистау ском -в 2011 г.)…”

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Epidemiological Situation on Plague in 2020. Forecast of Episootic Activity of Natural Plague Foci in the Russian Federation and Other CIS Countries for 2021

Попов

Eroshenko

Карнаухов

et al. 2021

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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The aim of the work was to substantiate the forecast of the epidemiological and epizootiological situation in natural foci of plague in the Russian Federation, countries of the near and far abroad for the year of 2021. Characteristics of the distribution of Yersinia pestis strains of the main subspecies (subspecies pestis) of medieval and antique biovars, Caucasian (ssp. caucasica) and central Asian (ssp. central asiatica) subspecies by 45 natural foci of the CIS countries are presented in the paper. The persistence of a multidirectional trend in the dynamics of epizootic activity of natural foci of the CIS countries with the circulation of Y. pestis pestis strains of the medieval biovar of the 2.MED1 phylogenetic branch and the antique biovar of the 0.ANT5, 4.ANT phylogenetic branches in the current decade has been outlined. For the Russian Federation, the development of epizootics is predicted in the Gorno-Altai highland and Tuva mountain natural foci caused by the circulation of Y. pestis pestis strains of the antique biovar 4.ANT and Y. pestis of the Altai biovar of the Central Asian subspecies 0.PE4a in 2021. For the Republic of Kazakhstan, there is a high probability of preserving epizootic activity in the North Aral, Aral-Karakum, Balkhash, Mojynkum, Taukum desert and Ili intermountain natural foci with the circulation of Y. pestis pestis strains of the medieval biovar of the phylogenetic branch 2.MED1. For the Kyrgyz Republic, the forecast for the development of plague epizootics caused by Y. pestis pestis strains of the antique biovar 0.ANT5 phylogenetic branch in the Sarydzhaz and Upper Naryn high-mountain natural foci has been substantiated. A high epidemic risk of epizootic manifestations caused by highly virulent strains of Y. pestis pestis of antique biovars 0.ANT5, 4.ANT and medieval biovar 2.MED1 for the entire territory of the CIS countries is noted. The relevance of implementing forecasts of the epidemiological situation into practice, taking into account the molecular-genetic and epidemiological characteristics of Y. pestis strains circulating in areas of expected epizootic manifestations of plague, is highlighted.

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The Evolutionary History of Yersinia pestis

Slavin,

Cui,

Yang

et al. 2024

Birkhäuser Advances in Infectious Diseases

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Phylogenetic Analysis of Yersinia pestis Strains of the Caucasian Subspecies from the Foci of the Caucasus and Transcaucasia according to the Whole Genome Sequencing Data

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Rhamnose-Positive Strains of Plague Agent: Virulence and Epidemiological Significance

Rhamnose-Positive Strains of Plague Agent: Virulence and Epidemiological Significance

Epidemiological Situation on Plague in 2020. Forecast of Episootic Activity of Natural Plague Foci in the Russian Federation and Other CIS Countries for 2021

The Evolutionary History of Yersinia pestis

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