Phylogenetic Analysis of Torque Teno Virus in Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients in Shiraz

Abstract

BackgroundTorque teno virus (TTV) was the first human Circoviridae detected in a Japanese patient with unknown hepatitis in 1997. Subsequently, several studies performed to evaluate different aspects of Torque teno virus pathogenesis.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to determine dominant genotype of Torque teno virus in chronic hepatitis disease using 5΄-UTR sequence among patients infected by hepatitis C virus in Shiraz – Iran.Patients and MethodsThe study conducted in 240 patients with chronic hepatitis C from Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center. The presence of Torque teno virus DNA and its genotype in plasma was assessed by nested polymerase chain reaction using two primer sets for 5΄-UTR and N22 regions. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on 5΄-UTR region.ResultsDNA of Torque teno virus was detected in 220 out of 240 (92 %) patients with chronic hepatitis C by the use of 5΄-UTR primer based PCR method and in 12 out of 240 (5%) by the use of N22 primer. Based on phylogenetic analysis it was shown that the Dominant genotype in this study was 11. Genotypes 1, 3, 17, and 22 were also detected. Some sequences could not be classified to a specific genotype.ConclusionsThe prevalence of Torque teno virus DNA in patients with chronic hepatitis C disease by the use of 5΄-UTR primer appeared to be higher compared to that revealed by N22 primer. We observed five genotypes among hepatitis C chronic patients in our study.

The Association of Prevalence and Genotypes of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) Among Chronic Hepatitis B and C Patients in Ahvaz, 2012

“…The predominance of genotype 1a was observed in north India (8), while the most common genotype in hepatitis patients and healthy subjects in Saudi Arabia is 2c (15). The most common genotype of TTV in hepatitis patients in Iran is genotype 11 (1).…”

“…TTV belongs to the Circoviridae family (1,2). TTV is a non-enveloped virus with a single stranded circular DNA genome, and TTV is resistant to killing (3).…”

“…A primer should be selected that has the ability to identify the maximum number of virus genotypes. A semi-nested PCR technique was used to replicate the virus (1). TTV has 40 genotypes from five major phylogenetic groups (6).…”

“…After blast to NCBI, takapouzist made primers. NG054 and NG147 primers were used for the first round of PCR reaction, and NG054 and NG132 primers were used for the second round of PCR reaction (1). Primer sequences are shown in Table 1.…”

Current Views of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in Liver Diseases

“…Поэтому его использование для амплификации сопряжено с возможным снижением частоты обнаружения TTV. В отличие от N22-ORF1-фрагмента у большинства генотипов вируса UTR-фрагмент является более стабильным при выявлении TTV инфекции [37].…”