Phylogenetic analysis of the Euschistus group (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) suggests polyphyly of Dichelops Spinola, 1837 with the erection of Diceraeus Dallas, 1851, stat. rev.

Abstract

Carpocorini are the most diverse tribe within Pentatominae, comprising about 100 genera and 500 species, with the highest diversity found in the Neotropics. Within Carpocorini, some groups of genera have been, formally or informally, proposed based on morphological similarities and taxonomic history. The Euschistus group was informally proposed and comprises 20 genera, including Euschistus Dallas, 1851 and Dichelops Spinola, 1837. Both of these genera had their monophyly under dispute recently. Dichelops, which includes the species commonly known as the green‐belly stink bug, comprises 16 species in three subgenera, with an exclusively Neotropical distribution. The genus was revised recently, and for each subgenus, a set of distinct morphological characters was listed, which allow their precise identification. We tested the monophyly of the Euschistus group and of Dichelops under parsimony criteria using discrete and continuous characters and two‐character weighting methods. The Euschistus group was paraphyletic, and Dichelops was polyphyletic in every analysis, and the taxonomic characters formerly proposed as diagnostic for the genus and its subgenera were homoplastic. On the basis of the phylogenetic result, we propose the erection of Diceraeus Dallas, 1851, stat. rev. to the status of genus and Dichelops comprising two subgenera, the nominal and Prodichelops Grazia, 1978. This decision has implications for applied entomology, because species of Diceraeus are important crop pests in the Neotropics.

Opening Pandora's box: molecular phylogeny of the stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) reveals great incongruences in the current classification

“…It has been hypothesized that most of the New World genera currently placed in this tribe may not belong to Carpocorini sensu stricto (Rider et al, 2018). All these genera have a shorter peritreme that is auriculate and detached from the metapleuron (Barão et al, 2020); the Old World genera have a more elongated peritreme (although short, it never surpasses half the width of the metapleuron) that is pointed apically and is attached to the metapleuron (for an accurate explanation, see Rider et al, 2018).…”

“…Although the results obtained in previous studies did not bring full resolution for the classification of the Pentatomidae, they suggested that Aphylinae and Cyrtocorinae have a 'basal' position (sensu Gapud, 1991;Grazia et al, 2008) concerning the remaining Pentatomidae lineages. Most of the subfamilies, tribes and groups of genera have not been studied in a phylogenetic framework, except Discocephalinae (Garbelotto et al, 2013;Roell & Campos, 2015, Edessinae (Barcellos & Grazia, 2003), Pentatominae: Carpocorini, Euschistus-group (Bianchi et al, 2017;Barão et al, 2020), Chlorocorini (Genevcius et al, 2021), Eysarcorini (Roca-Cusachs & Jung, 2019), Halyini (Memon et al, 2011), Lestonocorini (Schaefer & Ahmad, 1987), Nezarini (Ferrari et al, 2010), Pentatomini, Evoplitus-group (Grazia, 1997) and Procleticini (Bernardes et al, 2009;Schwertner & Grazia, 2012). Relationships within the Pentatomidae remain largely unknown.…”

Uma abordagem taxonômica integrativa para o conhecimento da diversidade de parasitoides de ovos (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) na cultura da soja sob diferentes manejos

“…Tal cenário oferece condições ótimas de alimentação, sobrevivência e multiplicação desse percevejo. Diceraeus melacanthus é uma espécie da Neotropical (Grazia, 1978;Barão et al, 2020) e tem sido apontada como potencial praga invasora da região Neártica (Panizzi, 2015).…”

“…Westwood) e Diceraeus melacanthus (Dallas) (= Dichelops)(Barão et al 2020), enquanto que Nezara viridula (L.), Edessa meditabunda (Fabricius) e Chinavia sp. (= Acrosternum) são consideradas pragas secundárias.…”

Diversidad, filogenia y modelado de nicho ecológico de los géneros <i>Neella</i> Reuter 1908 y <i>Neoneella</i> Costa Lima 1942 (Heteroptera: Miridae)

“…La descripción de cada caracter y sus estados se realizó siguiendo la estructura propuesta por Sereno (2007). Los caracteres se codificaron en una matriz con el formato requerido por TNT (Matriz 1) (Goloboff et al 2008); los discretos se codificaron como binarios o multiestado no aditivos, mientras que los continuos se consideraron aditivos y se presentaron como el rango del desvío estándar alrededor de la media (Tabla 1): Media -Desvío Estándar, Media + Desvío Estándar, y se reescalaron para disminuir la influencia de los caracteres relacionados con estructuras más grandes en la matriz (Koch et al 2014;Barão et al 2020) siguiendo la fórmula: 𝑥 (𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎) = 𝑥−𝑚𝑖𝑛 (𝑥) 𝑚𝑎𝑥(𝑥)−𝑚𝑖𝑛 (𝑋) .…”