Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) virus isolates from Haryana, India

Sharma, Vikrant; Sharma, Manisha; Dhull, Divya; Kaushik, Samander

doi:10.1007/s13337-019-00532-7

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Consistent with previous reports [38,62,63], genetic analysis indicated that Senegalese strains possessed several amino acid changes, including D204 and N241D in the receptor binding site, which is known to confer binding of H1 and H3 viruses to the human SA α2-6 receptors, supporting efficient transmission of these viruses to humans [38]. The virulence of influenza viruses in humans is related to their resistance to the antiviral effects of cytokines, such as interferon (IFN), and the mutations P42S and D92E in the non-structural protein 1 (NS1 protein) can increase resistance to IFN [17,64].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Influenza A Virus in Pigs in Senegal and Risk Assessment of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) Emergence and Transmission to Human

Jallow,

Barry,

Fall

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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We conducted an active influenza surveillance in the single pig slaughterhouse in Dakar to investigate the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of influenza A viruses (IAVs) and to provide serologic evidence of avian influenza virus (AIV) infection in pigs at interfaces with human populations in Senegal. Nasal swab and blood samples were collected on a weekly basis from the same animal immediately after slaughter. Influenza A viruses were diagnosed using RT-qPCR and a subset of positive samples for H3 and H1 subtypes were selected for full genome amplification and NGS sequencing. Serum samples were tested by HI assay for the detection of antibodies recognizing four AIVs, including H9N2, H5N1, H7N7 and H5N2. Between September 2018 and December 2019, 1691 swine nasal swabs were collected and tested. Influenza A virus was detected in 30.7% (520/1691), and A/H1N1pdm09 virus was the most commonly identified subtype with 38.07% (198/520), followed by A/H1N2 (16.3%) and A/H3N2 (5.2%). Year-round influenza activity was noted in pigs, with the highest incidence between June and September. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the IAVs were closely related to human IAV strains belonging to A/H1N1pdm09 and seasonal H3N2 lineages. Genetic analysis revealed that Senegalese strains possessed several key amino acid changes, including D204 and N241D in the receptor binding site, S31N in the M2 gene and P560S in the PA protein. Serological analyses revealed that 83.5% (95%CI = 81.6–85.3) of the 1636 sera tested were positive for the presence of antibodies against either H9N2, H5N1, H7N7 or H5N2. Influenza H7N7 (54.3%) and H9N2 (53.6%) were the dominant avian subtypes detected in Senegalese pigs. Given the co-circulation of multiple subtypes of influenza viruses among Senegalese pigs, the potential exists for the emergence of new hybrid viruses of unpredictable zoonotic and pandemic potential in the future.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Influenza A Virus in Pigs in Senegal and Risk Assessment of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) Emergence and Transmission to Human

Jallow,

Barry,

Fall

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…With all these possible mutations, the virus becomes insensitive to the inhibitors, which were designed specifically for the native strains. Viruses with such significant variability pose a severe challenge to society, especially in the diagnosis, medication, and control of viral infection in humans ( Sriwilaijaroen and Suzuki, 2012 ; Hütter et al, 2013 ; Alonso et al, 2015 ; Guillebaud et al, 2017 ; Sharma et al, 2019 ). Hence, it is important to study the mutational and phylogenetic evolution of the HA surface protein from different strains of the influenza virus, especially by characterizing the recognition sites such as the receptor-binding site, N-glycosylation site, and the antigenic sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Indian Influenza A (H1N1) Hemagglutinin Strains: A Comparative Analysis of the Pandemic Californian HA Strain

Pushan

Samantaray

Rangarajan

et al. 2023

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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The need for a vaccine/inhibitor design has become inevitable concerning the emerging epidemic and pandemic viral infections, and the recent outbreak of the influenza A (H1N1) virus is one such example. From 2009 to 2018, India faced severe fatalities due to the outbreak of the influenza A (H1N1) virus. In this study, the potential features of reported Indian H1N1 strains are analyzed in comparison with their evolutionarily closest pandemic strain, A/California/04/2009. The focus is laid on one of its surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA), which imparts a significant role in attacking the host cell surface and its entry. The extensive analysis performed, in comparison with the A/California/04/2009 strain, revealed significant point mutations in all Indian strains reported from 2009 to 2018. Due to these mutations, all Indian strains disclosed altered features at the sequence and structural levels, which are further presumed to be associated with their functional diversity as well. The mutations observed with the 2018 HA sequence such as S91R, S181T, S200P, I312V, K319T, I419M, and E523D might improve the fitness of the virus in a new host and environment. The higher fitness and decreased sequence similarity of mutated strains may compromise therapeutic efficacy. In particular, the mutations observed commonly, such as serine-to-threonine, alanine-to-threonine, and lysine-to-glutamine at various regions, alter the physico-chemical features of receptor-binding domains, N-glycosylation, and epitope-binding sites when compared with the reference strain. Such mutations render diversity among all Indian strains, and the structural and functional characterization of these strains becomes inevitable. In this study, we observed that mutational drift results in the alteration of the receptor-binding domain, the generation of new variant N-glycosylation along with novel epitope-binding sites, and modifications at the structural level. Eventually, the pressing need to develop potentially distinct next-generation therapeutic inhibitors against the HA strains of the Indian influenza A (H1N1) virus is also highlighted here.

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Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) virus isolates from Haryana, India

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

Influenza A Virus in Pigs in Senegal and Risk Assessment of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) Emergence and Transmission to Human

Influenza A Virus in Pigs in Senegal and Risk Assessment of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) Emergence and Transmission to Human

Evolution of Indian Influenza A (H1N1) Hemagglutinin Strains: A Comparative Analysis of the Pandemic Californian HA Strain

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