Phylogenetic analysis of the first complete hepatitis E virus (HEV) genome from Africa

Cuyck, Hélène van; Juge, François; Roques, Pierre

doi:10.1016/s0928-8244(03)00241-4

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Table 5 presents a summary sorted by genotype and also provides characteristics of the sample, genomic regions tested. Genotype 1 seems to be most prevalent as it was found in Central African Republic [34], Sudan [35], Chad [28,35], Egypt [46,62,124], and Namibia [88] followed by genotype 2, which were observed in Central African Republic [34], Chad [35], Namibia [87], and Nigeria [6,89]. Genotype 3 is rare and was found in one Egyptian child [48], one acute hepatitis patient in Mayotte (originally from France) [82].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also discuss studies of sporadic cases and outbreaks of NANB hepatitis viruses in the Discussion Section with tables of data in the Additional file 1. The present paper includes studies from 28 (50%) of 56 African countries: Algeria [26-28], Burkina Faso [29], Burundi [30,31], Cameroon [32], Central African Republic [33,34], Chad [27,28,35-38], Côte d’Ivoire [39], Democratic Republic of the Congo [40], Djibouti [41,42], Ethiopia [6,43], Eritrea [44], Egypt [45-71], Gabon [72,73], Ghana [32,74-78], Kenya [79,80], Madagascar [81], Mayotte [82], Morocco [83-85], Namibia [86-88], Nigeria [89-91], Senegal [92,93], Somalia [94-96], South Africa [97,98], South Sudan [99], Sudan [35,100-105], Tunisia [106-111], the United Republic of Tanzania [112-114], and Zambia [115]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in Africa

et al. 2014

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BackgroundHepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is a newly recognized serious threat to global public health and Africa is suspected to be among the most severely affected regions in the world. Understanding HEV epidemiology in Africa will expedite the implementation of evidence-based control policies aimed at preventing the spread of HEV including policies for the use of available resources such as HEV vaccines.MethodsHere we present a comprehensive review of HEV epidemiology in Africa based on published data. We searched for articles on HEV epidemiology in Africa from online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science and critically reviewed appropriate publications to extract consistent findings, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest future studies.ResultsTaking a particularly high toll in pregnant women and their fetuses, HEV has infected human populations in 28 of 56 African countries. Since 1979, 17 HEV outbreaks have been reported about once every other year from Africa causing a reported 35,300 cases with 650 deaths.ConclusionsIn Africa, HEV infection is not new, is widespread, and the number of reported outbreaks are likely a significant underestimate. The authors suggest that this is a continent-wide public health problem that deserves the attention of local, regional and international agencies to implement control policies that can save numerous lives, especially those of pregnant women and their fetuses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in Africa

et al. 2014

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“…The comparison of these sequences with other HEV sequences from the same region showed that these isolates are related to Genotype 1, sharing 88% homology with the prototype Burmese strain (Genbank Accession Number M72318) and 93% identity with a Chad strain (Genbank Accession Number AY204877) collected in 1983 from a patient with hepatitis E (Fig. 1) [van Cuyck et al, 2003]. The remaining four isolates from Goz Amer camp shared 100% similarity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis E virus in Darfur, Sudan, and neighboring Chad

et al. 2005

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The within-outbreak diversity of hepatitis E virus (HEV) was studied during the outbreak of hepatitis E that occurred in Sudan in 2004. Specimens were collected from internally displaced persons living in a Sudanese refugee camp and two camps implanted in Chad. A comparison of the sequences in the ORF2 region of 23 Sudanese isolates and five HEV samples from the two Chadian camps displayed a high similarity (>99.7%) to strains belonging to Genotype 1. But four isolates collected in one of the Chadian camps were close to Genotype 2. Circulation of divergent strains argues for possible multiple sources of infection.

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“…Genotype 1 extensively circulates in Asia (including India, 75–78 Pakistan, 79 Nepal, 80, 81 Bangladesh, 82 China, 49, 83–85 Kyrgyzstan, 86 and Uzbekistan 87 and Africa (including Egypt, 88 Algeria, 89 Morocco, 87 Namibia, 90 Sudan, 91 and Chad 91, 92 ), whereas genotype 2 has been isolated only in Mexico 93 and in some African countries (Nigeria, 94 Namibia, 95 Chad, 91 and Sudan 91 . Genotype 3 has been detected worldwide (America, 13, 26, 32, 33, 96–99 Europe, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 27, 34, 35, 100–102 Asia, 25, 33, 37, 39, 40, 103–111 Australia, 69 and New Zealand 11 with the exception of Africa, whereas genotype 4 is restricted to India 112, 113 and East Asia.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E: a complex and global disease

Pelosi

Clarke

2008

EHTJ

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Thirty years after its discovery, the hepatitis E virus (HEV) continues to represent a major public health problem in developing countries. In developed countries, it has emerged as a significant cause of non-travel-associated acute hepatitis. HEV infects a wide range of mammalian species and a key reservoir worldwide appears to be swine. Genomic sequence similarity between some human HEV genotypes and swine HEV strains has been identified and we know that humans can acquire HEV infection from animals. Although for the most part the clinical course of HEV infection is asymptomatic or mild, significant risk of serious disease exists in pregnant women and those with chronic liver disease. In addition, there are data on the threat of chronic infections in immunocompromised patients. Beyond management of exposure by public health measures, recent data support that active immunisation can prevent hepatitis E, highlighting the need for vaccination programmes. Here we review the current knowledge on HEV, its epidemiology, and the management and prevention of human disease.

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Phylogenetic analysis of the first complete hepatitis E virus (HEV) genome from Africa

Cited by 28 publications

References 44 publications

A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in Africa

A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in Africa

Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis E virus in Darfur, Sudan, and neighboring Chad

Hepatitis E: a complex and global disease

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