Phylogenetic Analysis of Recent Procyonid Genera

Decker, Denise M.; Wozencraft, W. Chris

doi:10.2307/1381979

Cited by 43 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…36; Fig. 5b and Baskin 1989Baskin , 2004Decker and Wozencraft 1991;Ahrens 2012). However, molecular data analyses (Koepfli et al 2007;Eizirik et al 2010) have contested the groupings obtained with morphological data alone by considering that morphology-based assessments reflect convergences associated with similar lifestyles and diets rather than ancestry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carnivorans at the Great American Biotic Interchange: new discoveries from the northern neotropics

Forasiepi

Soibelzon

Suarez

et al. 2014

Naturwissenschaften

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We report two fossil procyonids, Cyonasua sp. and Chapalmalania sp., from the late Pliocene of Venezuela (Vergel Member, San Gregorio Formation) and Colombia (Ware Formation), respectively. The occurrence of these preHolocene procyonids outside Argentina and in the north of South America provides further information about the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI). The new specimens are recognized in the same monophyletic group as procyonids found in the southern part of the continent, the "Cyonasua group," formed by species of Cyonasua and Chapalmalania. The phylogenetic analysis that includes the two new findings support the view that procyonids dispersed from North America in two separate events (initially, previous to the first major migration wave-GABI 1-and then within the last major migration wave-GABI 4-). This involved reciprocal lineage migrations from North to South America, and included the evolution of South American endemic forms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carnivorans at the Great American Biotic Interchange: new discoveries from the northern neotropics

Forasiepi

Soibelzon

Suarez

et al. 2014

Naturwissenschaften

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“…Among recent studies, only Peters (1982) and but see Czelusniak et al, 1991) dissent from this view. Support for a monophyletic Procyonidae comes from Seal, Phillips & Erickson (1970), Baskin (1982Baskin ( , 1989, Wozencraft (1989), and Decker & Wozencraft (1991). While growing evidence exists that the mephitines are only distantly related to the remaining mustelids (Arnason & Widegren, 1986 ;Wayne et al, 1989 a ;Arnason & Ledje, 1993 ;Ledje & Arnason, 1996), this claim still requires further substantiation.…”

Section: Methodology (1) Mechanics and Limitations Of Matrix Repmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia)

1999

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One way to build larger, more comprehensive phylogenies is to combine the vast amount of phylogenetic information already available. We review the two main strategies for accomplishing this (combining raw data versus combining trees), but employ a relatively new variant of the latter : supertree construction. The utility of one supertree technique, matrix representation using parsimony analysis (MRP), is demonstrated by deriving a complete phylogeny for all 271 extant species of the Carnivora from 177 literature sources. Beyond providing a ' consensus ' estimate of carnivore phylogeny, the tree also indicates taxa for which the relationships remain controversial (e.g. the red panda ; within canids, felids, and hyaenids) or have not been studied in any great detail (e.g. herpestids, viverrids, and intrageneric relationships in the procyonids). Times of divergence throughout the tree were also estimated from 74 literature sources based on both fossil and molecular data. We use the phylogeny to show that some lineages within the Mustelinae and Canidae contain significantly more species than expected for their age, illustrating the tree's utility for studies of macroevolution. It will also provide a useful foundation for comparative and conservational studies involving the carnivores.

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“…For comparison with other procyonids, this level of genetic distinction is equivalent to the 10–11% divergence between Procyon lotor and Procyon cancrivorus , sympatrically-occurring raccoons traditionally classified in separate subgenera (Goldman 1950, Helgen and Wilson 2005), and comparable to the 9–13% divergence between Nasua narica and Nasuella olivacea (Helgen et al 2009), coatis traditionally classified in separate genera (Hollister 1915, Decker and Wozencraft 1991, Wozencraft 1993, 2005). …”

Section: Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For such a widespread genus of Carnivora, olingos were discovered surprisingly late (first described from Central America in 1876 and from South America in 1880; Allen 1876, Thomas 1880); they were long known by few specimens in museum collections; they are often overlooked in the field because they are regularly confused with another better known procyonid, the kinkajou, Potos flavus (Schreber, 1774) (e.g., Thomas 1880, Manville 1956, Ford and Hoffmann 1988, Sampaio et al 2011); and they are often largely or entirely omitted from both authoritative and popular references on Neotropical wildlife and natural history (e.g., Janzen 1983, Henderson 2002, Lord 2007). In the absence of a detailed systematic review, five species of Bassaricyon are tentatively recognized in most recent taxonomic references, including three species in Central America ( Bassaricyon gabbii Allen, 1876; Bassaricyon lasius Harris, 1932; Bassaricyon pauli Enders, 1936) and three species in South America (with Bassaricyon gabbii recognized as occurring west of the Andes, and Bassaricyon alleni Thomas, 1880 and Bassaricyon beddardi Pocock, 1921a east of the Andes), but most authors have explicitly identified a longstanding need for a detailed taxonomic overview to clarify species diversity and distributions in this genus (Cabrera 1958, Decker and Wozencraft 1991, Eisenberg 1989, Eisenberg and Redford 1999, Eizirik 2012, Emmons 1990, 1997, Ewer 1973, Glatston 1994, González-Maya et al 2011, Hall 1981, Hall and Kelson 1959, Helgen et al 2008c, Hunter 2011, Kays 2009, Kays and Russell 2001, Nowak 1999, Poglayen-Neuwall and Poglayen-Neuwall 1965, Prange and Prange 2009, Reid 1997, 2009, Reid and Helgen 2008a, 2008b, 2008c, Russell 1984, Samudio et al 2008, Stains 1967, Wozencraft 1989, 1993, 2005, Zeveloff 2002). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic revision of the olingos (Bassaricyon), with description of a new species, the Olinguito

Helgen¹,

Pinto²,

Kays³

et al. 2013

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We present the first comprehensive taxonomic revision and review the biology of the olingos, the endemic Neotropical procyonid genus Bassaricyon, based on most specimens available in museums, and with data derived from anatomy, morphometrics, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, field observations, and geographic range modeling. Species of Bassaricyon are primarily forest-living, arboreal, nocturnal, frugivorous, and solitary, and have one young at a time. We demonstrate that four olingo species can be recognized, including a Central American species (Bassaricyon gabbii), lowland species with eastern, cis-Andean (Bassaricyon alleni) and western, trans-Andean (Bassaricyon medius) distributions, and a species endemic to cloud forests in the Andes. The oldest evolutionary divergence in the genus is between this last species, endemic to the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador, and all other species, which occur in lower elevation habitats. Surprisingly, this Andean endemic species, which we call the Olinguito, has never been previously described; it represents a new species in the order Carnivora and is the smallest living member of the family Procyonidae. We report on the biology of this new species based on information from museum specimens, niche modeling, and fieldwork in western Ecuador, and describe four Olinguito subspecies based on morphological distinctions across different regions of the Northern Andes.

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Phylogenetic Analysis of Recent Procyonid Genera

Cited by 43 publications

References 19 publications

Carnivorans at the Great American Biotic Interchange: new discoveries from the northern neotropics

Carnivorans at the Great American Biotic Interchange: new discoveries from the northern neotropics

Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia)

Taxonomic revision of the olingos (Bassaricyon), with description of a new species, the Olinguito

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