Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 3 and porcine circovirus type 2 in China detected by duplex nanoparticle-assisted PCR

Zhang, Lingling; Luo, Yakun; Liang, Lin; Li, Jinxiang; Cui, Shangjin

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2018.02.006

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Similarly to PCV2, PCV3 can also be detected in clinically healthy pigs (Kwon et al, ; Stadejek et al, ). PCV3 prevalence is high in the USA, China and Poland (Fu et al , Phan et al, , Palinski et al, , Stadejek et al, , Zhang, Luo, Liang, Li, & Cui, ), suggesting that PCV3 is widely distributed globally. To date, in vitro isolation of PCV3 has not been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) interfere with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine efficacy?

Woźniak

Miłek

Bąska

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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PCV2 is globally spread pathogen involved in a number of diseases (PCVD). Commonly used vaccines against PCV2 are proved to be highly efficacious. The role of recently discovered PCV3 for pig health and interference with PCV2 remains unknown. The study performed on serum samples from seven farms vaccinated against PCV2 and four non-vaccinated showed very low prevalence of PCV2 viremia in the former (3 out of 106 positive serum pools) and high prevalence of PCV2 viremia in the latter (35 out of 60 positive pools). Mean log 10 PCV2 genome equivalents were lower in vaccinated farms (4.8 ± 0.6 log 10 copies/ml) than in non-vaccinated farms (6.3 ± 1.3 log 10 copies/ ml). PCV3 was detected in 31 out of 106 and 12 out of 60 serum pools from vaccinated and non-vaccinated farms, respectively. Mean log 10 PCV3 genome equivalents were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in vaccinated farms (3.9 ± 0.8 log 10 copies/ml) than in non-vaccinated farms (4.4 ± 0.6 log 10 copies/ml). Concurrent PCV2 and PCV3 infection was rare and found only in 1 out of 529 and 4 out of 292 individual serum samples from vaccinated and non-vaccinated farms, respectively. Our results showed lack of impact of PCV3 circulation on PCV2 vaccine efficacy. On the other hand, intensive PCV2 circulation and high viremia detected in non-vaccinated farms did not seem to increase the level of PCV3 infection. K E Y W O R D SPCV2, PCV3, pigs, prevalence, qPCR, viremia

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) interfere with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine efficacy?

Woźniak

Miłek

Bąska

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…The cap protein determines the antigenic characteristics of circoviruses (Nawagitgul et al., ); however, the cap protein of PCV3 shares only approximately 37% identity with that of PCV2. To date, PCV3 has been detected throughout commercial pig farms from 21 provinces or districts (i.e., Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Hebei, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shenyang, Jinlin, Zhejiang, Shandong, Gansu, Neimenggu, Beijing, Sichuan and Yunnan) in China (Fan et al., ; Fu et al., ; Ku et al., ; Zhai et al., ; Zhang, Luo, Liang, Li, & Cui, ). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of PCV3 DNA and its genetic characteristics, using tissue and serum samples from 41 pig farms in 14 cities in central China, from 2013 to 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 3 in central China

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is the pathogen responsible for a new infectious disease that was first reported in 2016 in the United States. To further investigate the epidemic profile and genetic diversity of the virus, one hundred and seventy clinical samples (110 tissue samples and 60 serum samples) were collected from 41 different pig farms in 14 cities in central China, and a SYBR Green I-based quantitative real-time PCR method was developed to detect PCV3. The partial cap genes of four field strains from four different farms were sequenced and analysed. The results showed the detection limit was 2.19 × 10 genome copies/μl. Fifty-three of 170 samples were detected as positive for PCV3, giving a PCV3-positive rate of 31.18%, with 48.78% (20/41) of pig farms harbouring PCV3, which varied from 20% to 42.86% between 2013 and 2017. PCV3 could be detected in samples from pigs with different clinical presentations, and the PCV3-positive rates varied for these different clinical presentations. The partial capsid genes of four PCV3 strains (designated YZ, LY-03, NY and SP) shared 96.3%-99.4% nucleotide identity with those available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis based on the capsid gene of 32 PCV3 strains showed that the four PCV3 strains in this study were clustered with the China/GD2016 and South Korea Ku-1606 strains. The results of this study will aid our understanding of the molecular epidemiology of PCV3.

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“…Using two non-overlapping targets for a given virus may not increase the assay's analytical sensitivity, but it will increase field strain coverage, and will help to detect strains with additional mutations, as the chance for a strain to have mutations on both target sites is small. Also, compared to the LOD of 50 copies per reaction in Kim et al (2017) and 90 copies per reaction in Zhang et al (2018), our assay appeared to be more sensitive: 17 copies per reaction of PCV3 and 14 copies per reaction of PCV2. The LOD of PCV2 was also evaluated with cell culture, with an LOD of around 1.4 TCID50 per reaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Considering the similar clinical symptoms caused by PCV2 and PCV3, and that PCV2 assays built many years ago are no longer covering the majority of field strains, there was a need to develop a mqPCR assay that was based on the most current sequencing data and capable of detecting the two viruses with high diagnostic coverage to field strains. Although several molecular detection methods were developed for rapid detection of PCV3 and PCV2 (Kim et al, 2017;Li et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018), our mqPCR assay showed apparent advantages. With the help of bioinformatics tools, 1907 PCV2 full genome sequences that were currently available in the GenBank were downloaded and analyzed to achieve high coverage in the assay design stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection and differentiation of the newly emerged porcine circovirus type 3 and continuously evolving type 2 strains in the United States

Wang

Yan

Zheng

et al. 2019

Journal of Virological Methods

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A B S T R A C TA multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (mqPCR) assay was developed and validated for the detection and differentiation of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) and type 2 (PCV2) strains. The assay coverage was 97.9% (184/188) for PCV3 and 99.1% (1889/1907) for PCV2 sequences that were available from the current GenBank database. The PCR amplification efficiencies were 98-99% for plasmids, and 92-96% for diagnostic samples, with correlation coefficients all greater than 0.99. The limit of detection (LOD) determined as plasmid copies per reaction was 17 for PCV3 and 14 for PCV2. The assay specifically detected the targeted viruses without cross reacting to each other or to other common porcine viruses. Among 336 swine clinical samples collected in 2018, 101 (30.1%) were PCV3 positive, 56 (16.7%) were PCV2 positive and 18 (5.4%) were co-positives. Sixty selected PCV3 positives were confirmed by Sanger sequencing, and 53 of the 56 PCV2 positive samples were tested positive by another validated PCR assay.

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Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 3 and porcine circovirus type 2 in China detected by duplex nanoparticle-assisted PCR

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Does porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) interfere with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine efficacy?

Does porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) interfere with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine efficacy?

Detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 3 in central China

A multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection and differentiation of the newly emerged porcine circovirus type 3 and continuously evolving type 2 strains in the United States

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