Phylogenetic Analysis of ORF Virus from Goats in Tanzania: Short Communication

Abstract

ORF virus is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Parapoxvirus (PPV) in the family poxviridae. ORF virus is the causative agent of contagious pustular dermatitis which is a zoonotic and neglected disease of humans and small ruminants. It causes severe exanthematous dermatitis that afflicts domestic and small wild ruminants. Cases of ORFV infections in goats in Tanzania have been reported for many years. The basis of reporting ORFV cases were mainly on clinical signs with no confirmatory tests (Ministry of Livestock Development reports-Tanzania). In this study, a case of proliferative dermatitis in goats was confirmed using PCR. A physical examination of the animal was carried out and tissue scrapings were collected for molecular analysis in the laboratory. The presence of ORFV in tissue scrapings from the lips was tested by GIF/IL-2gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the GIF/IL-2 gene. The results of this study indicated that the disease was caused by infection with a virus which is closely and genetically related to several ORF virus found in the data base. This is the first report to provide phylogenetic information about the ORF virus in Tanzania, which will be useful in prospective public health studies.

A Review on Human Orf: A Neglected Viral Zoonosis

“…105 So far, some molecular studies on ORFV infections among small ruminants have been reported from Ethiopia, Gabon, South Africa, and Egypt. 5,14,99,106,107 The disease has also been reported infecting camels in Africa. 56 Several others also confirmed ORFV infections from sheep, goats and camel in different African countries including Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Cameroon, Nigeria and Zambia.…”

“…56 Several others also confirmed ORFV infections from sheep, goats and camel in different African countries including Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Cameroon, Nigeria and Zambia. 5,18,97,[107][108][109] There are some additional published reports that orf disease in animals was diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings. 12,63,82,99,110 In recent times, the increasing trend of Orf infections is noticeable due to the emergence of the virus in new geographic locations.…”

Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Orf Virus Isolated From Goats in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria

“…Nowadays, confirmation of CE is achieved using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which has been shown to be highly specific and sensitive [ 1 , 13 , 16 , 19 ]. Using PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, genetic characteristic and diversity of orf virus has been described in many countries around the world including China [ 5 , 19 , 20 ], Taiwan [ 13 ], Malaysia [ 7 ], India [ 12 ], Uruguay [ 3 ] and a few African countries such as Tanzania [ 21 ], Ethiopia [ 17 , 22 ], Egypt [ 23 , 24 ], Gabon [ 25 ] and Sudan [ 26 , 27 ]. To date, outbreaks of CE in Nigeria are largely reported based on clinical manifestation of the disease and PCR to confirm cases [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] but no literature on the molecular characterization of the circulating orf virus isolates is currently available in Nigeria as at the time of this study.…”

Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Orf Virus Isolated From Goats in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria

“…CE is achieved using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which has been shown to be highly specific and sensitive (1,13,16,19). Using PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, genetic characteristic and diversity of ORFV has been described in many countries around the world including China (5,19,20), Taiwan 13, Malaysia (7), India (12), Uruguay (3) and few African countries such as Tanzania (21), Ethiopia (17,22), Egypt (23,24), Gabon (25) and…”