Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis E virus isolates in southern China (1994–1998)

Wei, Shao-jing; Xu, Yangbin; Wang, Meifang; To, Suet

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2006.03.001

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As HEV-4 predominantly circulates in swine (and may contaminate shellfish farms via effluent from pig farms), the fact that all the isolates in this study are HEV-4 indicates that hepatitis E in Southern China has evolved to a foodborne disease typical of an area of low endemicity. Given that a previous analysis of human hepatitis E cases in Southern China between 1994 and 1998 indicated that all human HEV isolates were HEV-1, 25 this study provides confirmation that the Chinese epidemiological shift from HEV-1 to HEV-4 over the past two decades has affected Southern China as well.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E in Shenzhen, China: a shift toward foodborne transmission of hepatitis E virus infection

Sridhar

Xing

et al. 2017

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis in China. Recently, a shift in molecular epidemiology from hepatitis E genotype 1 (HEV-1) to hepatitis E genotype 4 (HEV-4) has been observed in Northern China, marking a switch from human-to-human transmission to zoonosis. However, similar data from cities in Southern China are lacking. This observational study of human hepatitis E cases in Shenzhen, a metropolitan city in the Pearl River Delta region, aimed to describe the clinical features and molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E in Southern China. Over a 55-month period, we identified 20 patients with acute hepatitis E. Most were middle-aged men, and 50% of patients had concomitant liver disease, of whom 70% were identified to have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; such patients had a trend toward higher liver enzymes. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR using archived serum samples showed that 12 patients had hepatitis E viremia at presentation. Sequencing of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene was performed for five of these patients, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that these five HEV isolates belonged to subgenotype 4b and were clustered with swine HEV isolates from Southern China. Combined with other studies showing similar findings, this suggests that the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E in China is evolving toward low-level endemicity driven by foodborne transmission from seafood or pork products. The importance of concomitant liver disease, in particular non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as a risk factor for severe hepatitis E requires further study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E in Shenzhen, China: a shift toward foodborne transmission of hepatitis E virus infection

Sridhar

Xing

et al. 2017

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…Genotype IV represents all isolates from human, animals (especially swine) that are similar to the new HEV Chinese strains, including those from Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang, Zhenzhou, Guangzhou, Hefei, and Liuzhou [37][38][39]. Furthermore, the possibility of zoonotic spread of this genotype HEV has been confirmed [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis E Virus in Jilin, China

Zhu

Jin

et al. 2008

Infection

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“…However, cross-protection between different genotypes of HEV, especially HEV isolated from different species, has seldom been studied. Two HEV genotypes, 1 and 4, currently prevail in humans in China [Ayett et al, 1992;Wang et al, 1999Wang et al, , 2000Wang et al, , 2001bWei et al, 2006], while swine HEV in China belongs to genotype 4 [Wang et al, 1999[Wang et al, , 2002Li et al, 2006]. The purpose of this study was to establish the infectivity of HEV genotypes 1 and 4 from Chinese patients and genotype 4 from swine, and to document the cross-protection between different genotypes and between HEV from human and swine sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐protection of hepatitis E virus genotypes 1 and 4 in rhesus macaques

Huang

Huayuan

Harrison

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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The purpose of this study was to determine cross-protection between HEV genotypes 1 and 4, which are prevalent in China. Fecal suspensions of genotypes 1 and 4 from patients, as well as genotype 4 from swine, were inoculated intravenously into rhesus macaques. Each inoculum contained 5 x 10(4) genome equivalents of HEV. After infection, serum and fecal samples were collected serially and the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and anti-HEV IgG and IgM in sera, and HEV RNA in fecal samples, were measured. Liver biopsies were carried out. All the infected monkeys (12/12) developed anti-HEV IgG and exhibited fecal shedding of virus. IgM was detected in 11 of 12, and ALT elevation occurred about 2-6 weeks post-inoculation in 10 of 12, infected monkeys. Hepatic histopathology was consistent with acute viral hepatitis and the ORF2 antigen of HEV was detected in the granular cytoplasm of hepatocytes by immunohistochemistry. After recovery from their initial HEV infection, the monkeys were challenged with a heterologous genotype or heterologous source of HEV and monitored for hepatitis and fecal shedding. Previous infection with HEV completely or partially protected against subsequent challenge with a heterologous virus, because 7 of 11 monkeys did not develop HEV infection or shed virus in the feces, and none of them developed hepatitis or exhibited ALT elevation or liver biopsy findings of hepatitis. In conclusion, previous HEV infection may give rise to cross-genotype and cross-host-species protection.

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Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis E virus isolates in southern China (1994–1998)

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E in Shenzhen, China: a shift toward foodborne transmission of hepatitis E virus infection

Clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E in Shenzhen, China: a shift toward foodborne transmission of hepatitis E virus infection

Seroepidemiology and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis E Virus in Jilin, China

Cross‐protection of hepatitis E virus genotypes 1 and 4 in rhesus macaques

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