Phylogenetic analysis of EF-1 alpha gene sequences from isolates of Microdochium nivale leads to elevation of varieties majus and nivale to species status

Glynn, Neil C.; Hare, M. C.; Parry, D. W.; Edwards, Simon

doi:10.1017/s0953756205003370

Cited by 67 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…were initially identified as Fusarium species on the morphological basis (Wollenweber, Reinking, 1935), but later studies differentiated the genus Microdochium from Fusarium (Samuels, Hallett, 1983). Glynn et al (2005) described M. nivale and M. majus as separate species: Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & I.C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microdochium nivale and M. majus as causative agents of seedling blight in spring cereals

Jonavičienė

Supronienė

Semaškienė

2016

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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Seedling blight, mostly caused by Fusarium spp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a common disease in spring cereals. This research confirmed the presence of Microdochium fungi in a complex of seedling blight causative agents. Pathogens Microdochium nivale and M. majus in the seed and in stem base of seedlings of spring barley, spring wheat, spring triticale and spring oats were identified and quantified using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in 2013-2015. Both species were detected in the seed of all spring cereals tested. The amount of M. nivale and M. majus DNA was the highest in seeds of barley. Both Microdochium pathogens were present in the stem base of seedlings of all spring cereals tested; however, a high variation between cereal species and years was established. In most cases, the quantity of M. nivale DNA was the lowest in the seedlings of oats, while that of M. majus -in the seedlings of barley compared to the other cereal species tested. Higher contents of M. majus and M. nivale DNA were identified in the stem base of the seedlings emerged from untreated seeds compared with the seedlings emerged from the fludioxonil-treated seeds. However, the effect of tebuconazole on the reduction of M. nivale and M. majus DNA was inconsistent. Our findings suggest that M. nivale and M. majus occur in the seed of spring cereals and cause seedling blight, therefore research on these pathogens needs to be extended.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microdochium nivale and M. majus as causative agents of seedling blight in spring cereals

Jonavičienė

Supronienė

Semaškienė

2016

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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“…Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease of small grain cereals that occurs globally and is caused by a complex of species from the genera Fusarium and Microdochium (1,2). The most aggressive species causing FHB is Fusarium graminearum, a potent producer of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), which is harmful to human and animal health if consumed (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sharing a Host Plant (Wheat [Triticum aestivum]) Increases the Fitness of Fusarium graminearum and the Severity of Fusarium Head Blight but Reduces the Fitness of Grain Aphids (Sitobion avenae)

Drakulic

Caulfield

Woodcock

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bWe hypothesized that interactions between fusarium head blight-causing pathogens and herbivores are likely to occur because they share wheat as a host plant. Our aim was to investigate the interactions between the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, and Fusarium graminearum on wheat ears and the role that host volatile chemicals play in mediating interactions. Wheat ears were treated with aphids and F. graminearum inoculum, together or separately, and disease progress was monitored by visual assessment and by quantification of pathogen DNA and mycotoxins. Plants exposed to both aphids and F. graminearum inoculum showed accelerated disease progression, with a 2-fold increase in disease severity and 5-fold increase in mycotoxin accumulation over those of plants treated only with F. graminearum. Furthermore, the longer the period of aphid colonization of the host prior to inoculation with F. graminearum, the greater the amount of pathogen DNA that accumulated. Headspace samples of plant volatiles were collected for use in aphid olfactometer assays and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-coupled electroantennography. Disease-induced plant volatiles were repellent to aphids, and 2-pentadecanone was the key semiochemical underpinning the repellent effect. We measured aphid survival and fecundity on infected wheat ears and found that both were markedly reduced on infected ears. Thus, interactions between F. graminearum and grain aphids on wheat ears benefit the pathogen at the expense of the pest. Our findings have important consequences for disease epidemiology, because we show increased spread and development of host disease, together with greater disease severity and greater accumulation of pathogen DNA and mycotoxin, when aphids are present. P lant interactions with pathogens or insects are usually studied in isolation, even though plants are exposed to both in the field. It is likely that organisms that share the same host plant can alter its condition and thereby interact with each other. Although Fusarium pathogens and grain aphids cause substantial damage to wheat and coincide, little is known about interactions between these species.Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease of small grain cereals that occurs globally and is caused by a complex of species from the genera Fusarium and Microdochium (1, 2). The most aggressive species causing FHB is Fusarium graminearum, a potent producer of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), which is harmful to human and animal health if consumed (3). European legislation has set the acceptable limit of DON in grain marketed for human consumption at 1,250 g kg Ϫ1 (4) in unprocessed cereals. Consequently, FHB epidemics result in large economic losses from the combined effects of reductions in yield, increased mycotoxin contamination, and reduced quality and marketability of the crop (5).In the spring, ascospores and/or conidia of Fusarium graminearum are released from crop residues and are spread by wind or rainsplash. Wheat is most susceptible to FHB du...

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“…majus. These two varieties were recently elevated to species status based on variations in the EF-1 alpha gene sequences (Glynn et al 2005). M. nivale var.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis and PCR-based identification of major Fusarium species causing head blight on wheat in Japan

et al. 2008

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Phylogenetic analysis of EF-1 alpha gene sequences from isolates of Microdochium nivale leads to elevation of varieties majus and nivale to species status

Cited by 67 publications

References 19 publications

Microdochium nivale and M. majus as causative agents of seedling blight in spring cereals

Microdochium nivale and M. majus as causative agents of seedling blight in spring cereals

Sharing a Host Plant (Wheat [Triticum aestivum]) Increases the Fitness of Fusarium graminearum and the Severity of Fusarium Head Blight but Reduces the Fitness of Grain Aphids (Sitobion avenae)

Genetic analysis and PCR-based identification of major Fusarium species causing head blight on wheat in Japan

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