Phylogenetic Analysis of Clinically Relevant Fusarium Species in Iran

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Miltefosine against a Collection of Azole and Echinocandins Resistant Fusarium Strains

“…Miltefosine in combination with voriconazole demonstrated synergy against three mucormycetes and one isolate of Scedosporium prolificans [25]. In our study, miltefosine showed good inhibitory activity against all Fusarium isolates with MIC values ranging from 0.25 to 4 µg/mL, making it more potent than voriconazole (0.125-16), itraconazole (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) and caspofungin (0.125-8). The MIC values for miltefosine reported here are consistent with the 2 µg/mL value reported for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gatti, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. albicans, A. fumigatus, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes with this drug [40][41][42][43].…”

“…According to recent studies, the F. solani species complex (FSSC) causes the majority of Fusarium infections, followed by the F. oxysporum (FOSC) and the F. fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) [ 12 ]. It should be noted that the Fusarium genus is considered the second leading cause of filamentous fungal infections worldwide after Aspergillus [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The clinical manifestation of fusariosis in humans is heavily influenced by the organism’s point of entry and the host’s immune status [ 17 ].…”

“…In immunocompetent individuals, the Fusarium genus results in localized infections that frequently manifest as keratitis, onychomycosis, endophthalmitis, and other skin infections that are frequently associated with previous trauma. Whereas in immunocompromised hosts, such as those with prolonged neutropenia, burn patients, T-cell immune deficiency, therapy with corticosteroids or cytotoxic chemotherapy, and particularly hematological malignancies, when infections become locally invasive or disseminated the mortality rate exceeds 70% [ 1 , 9 , 16 , 18 ]. Fusarium species are among the most resistant fungi with clinically relevant members demonstrating unusually high levels of intrinsic resistance to a wide spectrum of commonly used antifungal agents.…”

Comparison of molecular and MALDI-TOF MS identification and antifungal susceptibility of clinical Fusarium isolates in Southern China

“…As a major challenge, it is lack of an accurate, quick and easy to operate approach for the identification of clinical Fusarium strains so far. In most of clinical laboratories, Fusarium identification mainly depends on different morphological characteristics of size and shape of macro- and microconidia and presence or absence of chlamydospores as well as colony appearance ( Najafzadeh et al, 2020 ; Da et al, 2021 ). However, a series of factors can affect the morphological characteristics of cultures such as the temperature, the culture medium and maybe the thickness of the medium ( Da et al, 2021 ).…”

“…When being judged from numerous literature data, members of fusaria encountered in human infections are mostly found in three species complexes: FSSC, FFSC, and FOSC. FSSC is considered as the most frequently detected SC worldwide, mainly causing superficial infections such as keratitis and onychomycosis under tropical and subtropical climatic conditions, especially in Asia and Latin America ( Castro López et al, 2009 ; Salah et al, 2015 ; Sun et al, 2015 ; Guevara-Suarez et al, 2016 ; Muraosa et al, 2017 ; Rosa et al, 2017 ; Tupaki-Sreepurna et al, 2017 ; Dallé da Rosa et al, 2018 ; Najafzadeh et al, 2020 ). Several studies showed FFSC to be the prevalent SC in some areas such as Iran and Turkey, whereas FOSC was more common in Europe ( Dalyan Cilo et al, 2015 ; Abastabar et al, 2018 ; Oliveira et al, 2019 ; Najafzadeh et al, 2020 ; Walther et al, 2021 ).…”