Phylogenetic analysis of African horse sickness virus segment 10: sequence variation, virulence characteristics and cell exit

Martin, Luc; Meyer, Adam; Ohara, Reiko; Fu, Haoyue; Mellor, Philip A.; Knowles, N. J.; Mertens, Peter P. C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6823-3_24

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…3), as previously reported (van Niekerk et al, 2003;Martin et al, 1998;Sailleau et al, 1997). Some serotypes (6, 8 and 9 in a; 3 and 7 in b; 2 in c) were restricted to a single clade, while other serotypes (1, 4 and 5) clustered into both the a and c clades.…”

Section: Ahsv S10 Phylogenysupporting

confidence: 86%

“…NS3 is larger than NS3a as a result of an additional 10 aa at the N-terminal end. NS3 is an integral membrane protein (Bansal et al, 1998;Wu et al, 1992;Hyatt et al, 1991) and it has been suggested that the protein is involved in the final stages of viral morphogenesis and release of virions (Wirblich et al, 2006;Martin et al, 1998;Stoltz et al, 1996;Hyatt et al, 1993). It is cytotoxic to in vitro insect cells ( play a role in the determination of virulence .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The S10 nucleotide sequences of these isolates were determined and the phylogeny of S10 was investigated, first by comparing AHSV S10 to other orbivirus S10 genes and then by determining the relationship of all AHSV S10 sequences to each other, the three distinct phylogenetic clades (a, b and c) of AHSV S10 described previously (van Niekerk et al, 2003;Martin et al, 1998;Sailleau et al, 1997), the established nine AHSV serotypes (Coetzer & Guthrie, 2004) and the geographical location where they were isolated. The phylogeny of AHSV S10 has never been described using the number of isolates indicated in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular epidemiology of the African horse sickness virus S10 gene

Quan

Vuuren

Howell

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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Between 2004 and 2006, 145 African horse sickness viruses (AHSV) were isolated from blood and organ samples submitted from South Africa to the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria. All nine serotypes were represented, with a range of 3-60 isolates per serotype. The RNA small segment 10 (S10) nucleotide sequences of these isolates were determined and the phylogeny investigated. AHSV, bluetongue virus (BTV) and equine encephalosis virus (EEV) all formed monophyletic groups and BTV was genetically closer to AHSV than EEV. This study confirmed the presence of three distinct S10 phylogenetic clades (a, b and c). Some serotypes (6, 8 and 9 in a; 3 and 7 in b; 2 in c) were restricted to a single clade, while other serotypes (1, 4 and 5) clustered into both the a and c clades. Strong purifying selection was evident and a constant molecular clock was inappropriate. The S10 gene is the second most variable gene of the AHSV genome and the use of S10 in molecular epidemiology was illustrated by an AHS outbreak in the Western Cape in 2004. It was shown that two separate AHSV were circulating in the area, even though AHSV serotype 1 was the only isolate from the outbreak. The small size of the gene (755-764 bp) and conserved terminal regions facilitate easy and quick sequencing. The establishment of an S10 sequence database is important for characterizing outbreaks of AHS. It will be an essential resource for elucidating the epidemiology of AHS.

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Section: Ahsv S10 Phylogenysupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular epidemiology of the African horse sickness virus S10 gene

Quan

Vuuren

Howell

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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“…This region contains a chain of 10 amino acid residues which could be involved in the determination of the BTV virulence. Martin et al [15] have already demonstrated the involvement of the African Horse Sickness Virus segment 10 in the cell exit of another Orbivirus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of genome segments 2, 7 and 10 of bluetongue viruses serotype 2 for differentiation between field isolates and the vaccine strain

Bréard

Sailleau

Coupier³

et al. 2003

Vet. Res.

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“…AHSV can also be propagated in insect cell cultures such as mosquito (Aedes albopictus) C6/36 cells [94] and Culicoides (KC) cells [71]. However, since they do not show cytopathic effects (CPE) such cell assay systems are usually used only as a sensitive intermediary to amplify virus as a prelude to virus isolation in mammalian cells.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

African horse sickness

2004

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-African horse sickness virus (AHSV) causes a non-contagious, infectious insect-borne disease of equids and is endemic in many areas of sub-Saharan Africa and possibly Yemen in the Arabian Peninsula. However, periodically the virus makes excursions beyond its endemic areas and has at times extended as far as India and Pakistan in the east and Spain and Portugal in the west. The vectors are certain species of Culicoides biting midge the most important of which is the AfroAsiatic species C. imicola. This paper describes the effects that AHSV has on its equid hosts, aspects of its epidemiology, and present and future prospects for control. The distribution of AHSV seems to be governed by a number of factors including the efficiency of control measures, the presence or absence of a long term vertebrate reservoir and, most importantly, the prevalence and seasonal incidence of the major vector which is controlled by climate. However, with the advent of climatechange the major vector, C. imicola, has now significantly extended its range northwards to include much of Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece and has even been recorded from southern Switzerland. Furthermore, in many of these new locations the insect is present and active throughout the entire year. With the related bluetongue virus, which utilises the same vector species of Culicoides this has, since 1998, precipitated the worst outbreaks of bluetongue disease ever recorded with the virus extending further north in Europe than ever before and apparently becoming endemic in that continent. The prospects for similar changes in the epidemiology and distribution of AHSV are discussed.

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Phylogenetic analysis of African horse sickness virus segment 10: sequence variation, virulence characteristics and cell exit

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Molecular epidemiology of the African horse sickness virus S10 gene

Molecular epidemiology of the African horse sickness virus S10 gene

Comparison of genome segments 2, 7 and 10 of bluetongue viruses serotype 2 for differentiation between field isolates and the vaccine strain

African horse sickness

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