Phylogenetic Analysis of a ‘Jewel Orchid’ Genus Goodyera (Orchidaceae) Based on DNA Sequence Data from Nuclear and Plastid Regions

Abstract

A molecular phylogeny of Asiatic species of Goodyera (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae, Goodyerinae) based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and two chloroplast loci (matK and trnL-F) was presented. Thirty-five species represented by 132 samples of Goodyera were analyzed, along with other 27 genera/48 species, using Pterostylis longifolia and Chloraea gaudichaudii as outgroups. Bayesian inference, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods were used to reveal the intrageneric relationships of Goodyera and its intergeneric relationships to related genera. The results indicate that: 1) Goodyera is not monophyletic; 2) Goodyera could be divided into four sections, viz., Goodyera, Otosepalum, Reticulum and a new section; 3) sect. Reticulum can be further divided into two subsections, viz., Reticulum and Foliosum, whereas sect. Goodyera can in turn be divided into subsections Goodyera and a new subsection.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Goodyera schlechtendaliana in Korea (Orchidaceae)

“…The phylogenetic tree shows that G. schlechtendaliana from Korea forms strongly supported clade with other accessions of G. schlechtendaliana from China ( Figure 1A). The result agrees with morphology and previous phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ITS regions (Hu et al 2016). Comparison of five chloroplast genomes of G. schlechtendaliana showed 200-844 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 414-2133 insertions and deletions among accessions ( Figure 1B), suggesting a high level of infraspecific variation compared with those in Pseudostellaria and Coffea ).…”

“…f. (Orchidaceae) is a common orchid widely distributed in the Himalayas, Sumatra, China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan, occupying shady places with moist and well-drained soils. It is characterized by having creeping rhizomes, white variegated markings on the adaxial surfaces of the leaves, saccate labellum, two sectile pollinia attached to a viscidium, and a single stigmatic lobe in Orchidaceae (Chen et al 2009;Hu et al 2016). It is often cultivated as an ornamental because of the patterns on the leaves.…”

“…2009 ; Hu et al. 2016 ). It is often cultivated as an ornamental because of the patterns on the leaves.…”

Characterization of sequence variability hotspots in Cranichideae plastomes (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae)

“…Many studies have dealt with phylogenetic issues in the tribe, some in a more comprehensive way focusing on revised limits of the subtribes or involving circumscription or new positions of genera [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], among others. In these studies, largely based on plastid markers, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (nrITS) have been the exclusive source of nuclear information in the tribe (exception being [18], who used Xdh in Goodyerinae).…”

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Goodyera foliosa（Orchidaceae）

“…The genus Goodyera (Orchidaceae) comprises 40 species and is widely distributed in Madagascar, Asia, South Africa, northeast Australia, Europe, Madagascar, North America and the Southwest Pacific islands (Chen et al 2009;Hu et al 2016). Most species of the genus Goodyera are terrestrial (rarely epiphytic) orchid, which grows on mossy rocks or the moist banks of mountains (Pridgeon et al 2003).…”