Phylogenetic analysis, genomic diversity and classification of M class gene segments of turkey reoviruses

Mor, Sunil K.; Marthaler, Douglas; Verma, Harsha; Sharafeldin, Tamer A.; Jindal, Naresh; Porter, Robert E.; Goyal, Sagar M.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.01.005

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…For species B rotavirus VP7, NSP2, and NSP5 segments, genotype percent nucleotide identity cutoffs of 80%, 75%, and 78%, respectively, have been proposed ( Marthaler et al, 2012 ; Suzuki et al, 2012a ; Suzuki et al, 2012b ). Likewise, genotype cutoffs of 83–90% have been proposed for M- and L-class segments of turkey arthritis reoviruses ( Mor et al, 2015 ; Mor et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final genotype assignments were made based on the following criteria: (i) bootstrap values at nodes defining genotypes had values equal to or greater than 85%, and (ii) we observed minimal overlap in intergenotype and intragenotype identity. Similar strategies have been used to define genotype cutoffs for classification of rotavirus and avian reovirus ( Jeong et al, 2015 ; Marthaler et al, 2013 ; Marthaler et al, 2014 ; Matthijnssens et al, 2008a ; Mor et al, 2015 ; Mor et al, 2014 ; Shepherd et al, 2018 ). In some cases, these strict definitions were insufficient to distinguish reovirus serotypes, genotypes, and clades.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mammalian orthoreoviruses exhibit rare genotype variability in genome constellations

Diller

Thoner

Ogden

2023

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian orthoreoviruses exhibit rare genotype variability in genome constellations

Diller

Thoner

Ogden

2023

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…Sequence analysis of a portion of the S1 gene segment has been commonly used for the characterization and classification of ARV isolates, but other genome segments were also targeted with similar objectives ( 24 , 25 ). Historically, partial S1 gene characterization methods have classified ARV strains into five genotypic clusters, but more recent works attempted to introduce additional genetic clusters ( 8 , 10 , 12 , 26 – 28 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the main genetic clusters of avian reoviruses from a global strain collection

et al. 2023

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IntroductionAvian reoviruses (ARV), an important pathogen of poultry, have received increasing interest lately due to their widespread occurrence, recognized genetic diversity, and association to defined disease conditions or being present as co-infecting agents. The efficient control measures require the characterization of the available virus strains.MethodsThe present study describes an ARV collection comprising over 200 isolates from diagnostic samples collected over a decade from 34 countries worldwide. One hundred and thirty-six ARV isolates were characterized based on σC sequences.Results and discussionThe samples represented not only arthritis/tenosynovitis and runting-stunting syndrome, but also respiratory symptoms, egg production problems, and undefined disease conditions accompanied with increased mortality, and were obtained from broiler, layer or breeder flocks. In 31 percent of the cases other viral or bacterial agents were demonstrated besides ARV. The most frequent co-infectious agent was infectious bronchitis virus followed by infectious bursal disease virus and adenoviruses. All isolates could be classified in one of the major genetic clusters, although we observed marked discrepancies in the genotyping systems currently in use, a finding that made genotype assignment challenging. Reovirus related clinical symptoms could not be unequivocally connected to any particular virus strains belonging to a specific genetic group, suggesting the lack of strict association between disease forms of ARV infection and the investigated genetic features of ARV strains. Also, large genetic differences were seen between field and vaccine strains. The presented findings reinforce the need to establish a uniform, widely accepted molecular classification scheme for ARV and further, highlight the need for ARV strain identification to support more efficient control measures.

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“…ARV pathogenicity is very variable from high to low virulence ( 41 ). ARV isolates in domestic poultry with 80% of them being non-pathogenic and are frequently found in clinical healthy birds ( 17 , 42 , 43 ). ARV infection is associated with transitional ARV diseases, including arthritis/tenosynovitis, MAS, RSS, respiratory diseases, hepatitis, myocarditis, and immunosuppression ( 44 , 45 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Reoviruses From Wild Birds Exhibit Pathogenicity to Specific Pathogen Free Chickens by Footpad Route

et al. 2022

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Avian reoviruses (ARVs) are ubiquitous in domestic poultry with 80% of them being non-pathogenic and they are frequently found in clinically healthy birds. ARVs have also been known to be the etiological agents of viral arthritis (VA), tenosynovitis, myocarditis, runting-stunting syndrome (RSS), and respiratory and enteric disease in chickens. Significant economic losses during the process of poultry husbandry are due, in part, to unmitigated ARV infections throughout the poultry industry. Recently, many isolates shared genetic similarities between those recovered from wild birds and those recovered from poultry. One explanation may be that there is a degree of spillover and spillback of ARVs between the two groups. However, studies on the role of wild birds in the epidemiology and pathogenicity of ARVs are insufficient. Here, we describe the pathogenicity in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens of ARV originating from wild birds. The challenge experiment was conducted in six groups including a negative control group, a positive control group (reference strain of S1133), and four groups (A15-157, A18-13, A18-205, A19-106) infected with ARVs from wild birds. The 7-day-old SPF chickens were inoculated with 106TCID50 ARV to evaluate the clinical signs, changes in weight gain, gross lesions, histological changes, virus replication, and serum antibody levels. The peak of clinical signs was from 3 to 5 days post infection (dpi). In addition, the death of one chicken was found in the group infected with the A18-13 isolate. Reduced body weight was also found in chickens infected with ARVs from wild birds compared to the negative control group. All the ARVs infection groups showed noticeable swelling of the footpad. In addition, ARVs were detected in the bursa, tendon, and hock joint by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in all infected groups at 5 and 15 dpi. Histopathological observations revealed acute inflammatory responses on the synovium covering the joint surfaces (arthritis) and tendon sheaths (tenosynovitis), as well as bursa atrophy and lymphocyte depletion. The analysis of the humoral response was performed by ELISA assay, and chickens infected with ARVs showed seroconverted. In conclusion, this study described the typical severe disease of acute VA and tenosynovitis in SPF chickens infected with ARVs derived from wild birds. This study confirmed the pathogenicity of ARVs infection in SPF chickens for the first time, and these results enrich our understanding of the pathogenicity of ARVs derived from wild birds.

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Phylogenetic analysis, genomic diversity and classification of M class gene segments of turkey reoviruses

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Mammalian orthoreoviruses exhibit rare genotype variability in genome constellations

Mammalian orthoreoviruses exhibit rare genotype variability in genome constellations

Identification of the main genetic clusters of avian reoviruses from a global strain collection

Avian Reoviruses From Wild Birds Exhibit Pathogenicity to Specific Pathogen Free Chickens by Footpad Route

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