Phylogenetic analysis and pathogenicity assessment of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 circulating in China during 2007–2019

Abstract

Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV‐1) is an antigenic variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) which is mainly associated with infections of pigeons and has the potential to result in disease in chickens. In this study, we characterised 21 PPMV‐1 isolates from diseased pigeons in China during 2007–2019. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates belonged to genotype VI. Among them, most isolates belonged to sub‐genotype VI.2.1.1.2.2, suggesting that VI.2.1.1.2.2 has become a prevalent genotype in pigeons in China. The results showed that all PPMV‐1 isolates were mesogenic in nature according to the mean death time (MDT) and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI). In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that two genetically closely related isolates (Pi‐11 and Pi‐10) both of which belonged to sub‐genotype VI.2.1.1.2.2 had similar replication kinetics in cells derived from pigeons, while the replication titre of Pi‐11 was significantly higher than that of Pi‐10 in cells derived from chickens. Pi‐11 and Pi‐10 could contribute to morbidity and mortality in pigeons. Remarkably, although the two viruses resulted in no apparent disease symptom in chickens, Pi‐11 could cause more severe histopathological lesions and had a stronger replication ability in chickens compared to Pi‐10. Moreover, chickens infected with Pi‐11 had higher shedding efficiency than chickens infected with Pi‐10. Additionally, several mutations within important functional regions of the fusion (F) and haemagglutinin‐neuraminidase (HN) proteins might be associated with different pathogenicity of the two viruses in chickens. Collectively, these results indicated that the Pi‐11‐like virus of pigeon origin has the potential to induce severe outbreaks in chicken flocks. These findings will help us better understand the epidemiology and evolution of PPMV‐1 in China and serve as a foundation for the further investigation of the mechanism underlying the pathogenic difference of PPMV‐1 isolates in chickens.

Genetic Characterization, Pathogenicity, and Epidemiology Analysis of Three Sub-Genotype Pigeon Newcastle Disease Virus Strains in China

“…NDV strains of several genotypes have been isolated and detected in pigeons, including genotypes VI, VII, and XXI [16,22,23]. In China, the strains that infect pigeons are mainly of genotype VI [12,[16][17][18]. The two strains also belong to genotype VI, suggesting that genotype VI is the dominant strain in pigeons in China.…”

“…Studies have revealed antigenic distinctions between genotype VI and genotype II strains [10][11][12], implying that pigeons immunized with genotype II and genotype IV vaccines may not have complete protection against genotype VI strains. The importance of the continuous surveillance of genotype VI NDV in pigeons has been emphasized in order to accurately monitor its spread and to develop effective control strategies [8,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

An Outbreak of Newcastle Disease Virus in the Moscow Region in the Summer of 2022

“…The serotypes, classes, and genotypes as well as the year of isolation and the source of isolation are indicated: wild birds (W), pigeons (Pi), and poultry (Ch). If the pathogenicity of the virus was established in the cited work, then it is indicated by color: red indicates pathogenic isolates and green indicates non-pathogenic isolates [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , …”

The TRK-fused gene negatively regulates interferon signaling by inhibiting TBK1 phosphorylation during PPMV-1 infection

“…PPMV-1 is a most dangerous pathogen for doves and pigeons in China (Guo et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2017;He et al, 2020). The PPMV-1 currently circulating in China belongs to genotype VI (Tian et al, 2020;Yu et al, 2022;Zhan et al, 2022). The PPMV-1 SD19 strain used in the present study was isolated in Shandong province from an outbreak in a pigeon yard.…”