The aim of this study was to clarify the taxonomic position of the nitrogen-fixing and hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria Alcaligenes latus strains IAM 12599 T , IAM 12664 and IAM 12665 and Pseudomonas saccharophila IAM 14368 T . It was found that the type strain of Alcaligenes latus, IAM 12599 T , showed 99?9 and 96?1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to strains IAM 12665 and IAM 12664, respectively. A comparison using DNA-DNA hybridization suggested that strains IAM 12599 T and IAM 12665 belong to a single species (89?7 %) and that strain IAM 12664 (35?1 %) forms a separate species. The phenotypic characteristics also support the conclusion that these bacteria should be identified as two species of a new genus: Azohydromonas lata gen. nov., comb. nov. (type strain IAM 12599 T =DSM 1122 T =LMG 3321 T =ATCC 29712 T ; reference strain IAM 12665=DSM 1123=LMG 3325=ATCC 29714) and Azohydromonas australica sp. nov. (type strain IAM 12664 T =DSM 1124 T =LMG 3324 T =ATCC 29713 T ).Pseudomonas saccharophila IAM 14368 T was found to be closely related to the phototrophic bacterium Roseateles depolymerans, with 96?8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, but the two bacteria are quite different with respect to their metabolism and some significant phenotypic characteristics, suggesting that they cannot be included in a single genus. Further studies on their nifH gene sequences, G+C content of the DNA and cellular fatty acid composition confirm that Pseudomonas saccharophila should be reclassified: the name Pelomonas saccharophila gen. nov., comb. nov. is proposed, with the type strain IAM 14368 T (=LMG 2256 T =ATCC 15946 T ).