Phthalocyanine in perovskite solar cells: a review

Abstract

At this time of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) development, their commercialization is not only attractive but perhaps the only choice to replace the thin film photovoltaics (PV) and conventional silicon...

Novel metallated imidazole phthalocyanines: synthesis, ultrafast excited-state carrier dynamics and multiphoton absorption properties

“…[1][2][3][4][5] The successful matching of a donor and an acceptor that possess the necessary photophysical and electrochemical parameters is crucial for achieving an exothermic ET process. Porphyrins, phthalocyanines (Pcs), fullerenes (C60, C70), and perylene bisimide dyes, which have exceptional structural flexibility as well as electrical and optoelectronic capabilities, are used to develop supramolecular D-A systems that can be used to develop organic/polymeric solar cells 6 and nonlinear optical (NLO) devices. 7 Phthalocyanines, which are planar cyclic organic compounds with an 18-p-electron tetrapyrrolic structure, demonstrate substantial reverse saturable absorption (RSA) owing to multiphoton absorption (MPA) and are considered to be one of the most versatile and strong organic NLO materials because of their extended 18-p-electron system in two dimensions.…”

“…1–5 The successful matching of a donor and an acceptor that possess the necessary photophysical and electrochemical parameters is crucial for achieving an exothermic ET process. Porphyrins, phthalocyanines (Pcs), fullerenes (C60, C70), and perylene bisimide dyes, which have exceptional structural flexibility as well as electrical and optoelectronic capabilities, are used to develop supramolecular D–A systems that can be used to develop organic/polymeric solar cells 6 and nonlinear optical (NLO) devices. 7…”

Engineering the intermediate adduct phase to control the crystallization of perovskites for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

“…16 The one-step antisolvent method is generally preferred over the two-step method to enhance the performance of PSCs, but it results in a small grain size. [17][18][19][20] As a consequence, a huge ratio of grain boundaries and defects is generated in perovskites. To cure these defects, different strenuous strategies are applied in the form of passivation layers and hole transport material (HTM) modifications.…”

“…To cure these defects, different strenuous strategies are applied in the form of passivation layers and hole transport material (HTM) modifications. [18][19][20][21] Instead of these complications, modifying compositional engineering to develop the perovskite layer with improved grain sizes and fewer defects through a one step antisolvent procedure is a productive avenue. Generally, in MAPbI 3based perovskite precursors, an adduct of PbI 2 ÁMAIÁDMSO is formed owing to the Lewis-acid base interaction, i.e., iodide in MAI and DMSO act as the Lewis base, and PbI 2 as the Lewis acid.…”

Quantum-Classical Protocol for Efficient Characterization of Absorption Lineshape and Fluorescence Quenching upon Aggregation: The Case of Zinc Phthalocyanine Dyes

“…Zinc phthalocyanines (Zn Pcs), an important category of porphyrin dyes, exhibit unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties that make them good candidates for a broad range of applications. − Such a wide applicability originates from some intrinsic properties, especially a strong and intense absorption in the red region (600–800 nm) resulting from a largely extended π-conjugated ring, high and long-lived fluorescence, high thermal and chemical stability, and long exciton lifetime. Nevertheless, Zn Pcs show a tendency to aggregate in aqueous media due to hydrophobic interactions, which are largely affected by their substitution pattern, leading to optical properties that are largely structure-dependent. − The aggregation strongly affects the photophysical and photochemical properties of Zn Pcs, resulting in broadening, shift, and loss of peak height intensity of the Q-band (>500 nm) in the absorption spectrum (also featuring a higher energy, Soret band), quenching in fluorescence intensity, loss of catalytic activity, and shortening of their triplet state lifetime. − …”